Table 2.

Spatiotemporal parameters of the 20 individuals with unilateral transtibial amputation who participated in this study, per prosthetic foot.

Outcome	SACH	GS-ESAR	N-ESAR	Statistical difference (p value)	Effect size (Cohen d)
Walking speed (m/s)	1.22 ± 0.06	1.23 ± 0.05	1.20 ± 0.05	p = 0.33	SACH vs.GS: 0.3 SACH vs. N: 0.4 GS vs. N: 0.7
Cadence (steps/min)	109.7 ± 4.7	109.8 ± 3.1	107.7 ± 3.6	p = 0.24	SACH vs.GS: 0.1 SACH vs. N: 0.5 GS vs. N: 0.7
Step length ratio (prosthetic/sound)	0.93 ± 0.02a	0.97 ± 0.06	0.98 ± 0.06	a p < 0.001 SACH lower than GS and N	SACH vs.GS: 0.8 SACH vs. N: 0.8 GS vs. N: 0.1
Stance phase duration ratio (prosthetic/sound)	0.949 ± 0.02	0.960 ± 0.03	0.954 ± 0.02	p = 0.050	SACH vs.GS: 0.5 SACH vs. N: 0.2 GS vs. N: 0.2

Abbreviations: GS-ESAR, gold standard energy storage and return prosthesis; N-ESAR, novel energy storage and return prosthesis; Pro-Flex, Össur; PS, prosthetic side; SACH, solid-ankle cushioned-heel prosthesis; Kingsley; SS, sound side.3

^aStatistically significant difference (p < 0.05)