Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study subjects
| Non-dementia group (n = 179,723) | Dementia group (n = 29,865) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 61.54 ± 7.83 | 70.46 ± 6.59 | < 0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.26 ± 3.14 | 24.19 ± 3.31 | < 0.001 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 125.01 ± 15.81 | 128.73 ± 16.23 | < 0.0001 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 76.63 ± 9.98 | 77.77 ± 10.08 | < 0.0001 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 99.89 ± 24.24 | 104.63 ± 30.56 | < 0.0001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 206.62 ± 46.60 | 205.47 ± 42.25 | < 0.0001 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 57.50 ± 35.39 | 56.05 ± 35.84 | < 0.0001 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 125.28 ± 77.35 | 123.31 ± 81.84 | < 0.0001 |
| Smoking status | 0.208 | ||
| Never | 172,482 (95.97) | 28,606 (95.78) | |
| Ex-smoker | 2121 (1.18) | 353 (1.18) | |
| Current smoker | 5120 (2.85) | 906 (3.03) | |
| Alcohol consumptiona | < 0.0001 | ||
| None | 160,398 (89.25) | 28,075 (94.01) | |
| Mild | 18,428 (10.25) | 1719 (5.76) | |
| Heavy | 897 (0.50) | 71 (0.24) | |
| Levels of income | < 0.0001 | ||
| Medical aid + 1st quartile (the lowest) | 37,606 (20.92) | 5645 (18.9) | |
| 2nd quartile | 31,760 (17.67) | 4842 (16.21) | |
| 3rd quartile | 46,044 (25.62) | 6739 (22.56) | |
| 4th quartile (the highest) | 64,313 (35.78) | 12,639 (42.32) | |
| Regular exercise | 34,103 (18.98) | 3792 (12.70) | < 0.0001 |
| Hypertension | 90,215 (50.20) | 20,248 (67.80) | < 0.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 26,506 (14.75) | 7369 (24.67) | < 0.0001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 70,467 (39.21) | 12,847 (43.02) | < 0.0001 |
| Age at menarche (years) | 16.50 ± 1.82 | 16.92 ± 1.79 | < 0.0001 |
| Age at menopause (years) | 49.99 ± 4.07 | 49.27 ± 4.56 | < 0.0001 |
| Duration of fertility (years) | 33.49 ± 4.45 | 32.35 ± 4.95 | < 0.0001 |
| Duration of OC use (years) | < 0.0001 | ||
| Never | 149,286 (83.06) | 26,008 (87.09) | |
| < 1 | 17,771 (9.89) | 2156 (7.22) | |
| ≥ 1 | 12,666 (7.05) | 1701 (5.70) | |
| Duration of HRT (years) | < 0.0001 | ||
| Never | 140,749 (78.31) | 26,781 (89.67) | |
| < 2 | 22,097 (12.30) | 1735 (5.81) | |
| 2–5 | 9182 (5.11) | 663 (2.22) | |
| ≥ 5 | 7695 (4.28) | 686 (2.30) |
Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation, SD, or n (%)
Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, OC oral contraceptives, HRT hormone replacement therapy
aAlcohol consumption: mild = up to 30 g (equivalent to 3 drinks) a day; heavy = more than 30 g a day