Table 4.

Multinomial logistic regression model of factors associated with total GWG (N = 195)

Variables	Total GWG Status
	Inadequate			Excessive
	OR	95% CI	p-value	OR	95% CI	p-value
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2)
Overweight/Obese	0.05	0.01–0.14	< 0.001	4.09	1.38–12.12	0.011
Normal	Ref			Ref
Underweight	2.79	0.58–13.29	0.196	2.41	0.17–32.74	0.507
Maternal nutrition knowledge levels
Low	0.61	0.19–1.89	0.396	0.33	0.10–1.07	0.067
High	Ref			Ref
Moderate	1.20	0.36–4.03	0.759	0.71	0.21–2.41	0.588
Duration of outdoor activity
< 1 h	0.97	0.41–2.26	0.946	2.30	0.89–5.97	0.085
> 1 h	Ref			Ref

Adequate GWG as a reference group