Table 5.
Pregnancy outcomes in relation to PP BMI
| Variablesb | Asian-Pacific pre-pregnancy BMI categorya | P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| < 18.50 | 23.00–27.49 | ≥ 27.50 | |||
| Numbers in each category (%) | 11.8 | 31.3 | 17.4 | ||
| Total GWG, kg | MD (95% CI) |
-0.05 (-0.38–0.29) |
0.55 (0.31–0.79) |
1.16 (0.87–1.45) |
0.001 |
| Birth weight, g | MD (95% CI) |
-184.2 (-484.3–115.9) |
34.1 (-182.4–250.5) |
206.9 (-53.15–466.9) |
0.029 |
| Birth length, g | MD (95% CI) |
-0.064 (-1.83–1.70) |
0.789 (-0.) |
0.717 (-0.82–2.25) |
0.311 |
| Head circumference, cm | MD (95% CI) |
0.1 (-1.5–1.65) |
0.2 (-0.88–1.35) |
0.981 (-0.36–2.32) |
0.297 |
| GA at delivery, weeks | MD (95% CI) |
-0.35 (-1.53–0.83) |
0.163 (-0.69–1.01) |
-0.017 (-1.04–1.00) |
0.753 |
| Number of ANC visits | MD (95% CI) |
0.86 (-1.02–2.74) |
0.08 (-1.3–1.4) |
0.7 (-0.9–2.3) |
0.481 |
| Inadequate weight gain | OR (95% CI) |
1.06 (0.32–3.54) |
3.57 (1.11–1.15) |
1.86 (3.9–8.8) |
0.001 |
| Spontaneous vaginal delivery | OR (95% CI) |
0.69 (0.21–2.29) |
1.59 (0.75–3.39) |
1.37 (0.55–3.38) |
0.425 |
| Caesarean section | OR (95% CI) |
1.45 (0.44–4.81) |
0.63 (0.30–1.33) |
0.73 (0.30–1.81) |
0.425 |
| LBW < 2.50 kg | OR (95% CI) |
1.13 (0.21–6.00) |
0.83 (0.22–3.08) |
0.35 (0.41–3.09) |
0.351 |
| Macrosomia > 4.0 kg | OR (95% CI) |
2.40 (0) |
0.74 (0.17–3.25) |
1.92 (0.48–7.64) |
0.204 |
| SGA | OR (95% CI) |
1.13 (0.21–6.02) |
0.61 (0.15–2.56) |
1.17 (0) |
0.175 |
aReference group: normal BMI 18.50–22.99 kg/m2 with 39.5% of participants
bContinous variables were analysed with linear regression; categorical variables were analysed with logistic regression
Adjusted for women’s education, geographical status, maternal age and parity
GA Gestational age, BMI Body mass index, n Number; GWG gestational weight gain, MD mean difference, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, LBW low birth weight, SGA small for gestational age