Table 2.
Multilevel models predicting anxiety symptoms at baseline and change over the school year (N = 444).
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B (SE) | B (SE) | B (SE) | B (SE) | B (SE) | B (SE) | B (SE) | B (SE) | |
| baseline | change | baseline | change | baseline | change | baseline | change | |
| Professional background | ||||||||
| Education (ref: below senior secondary) | ||||||||
| Post-secondary/diploma | 0.07 (0.09) | −0.05 (0.08) | 0.09 (0.09) | −0.03 (0.09) | ||||
| BA or higher | 0.06 (0.11) | −0.02 (0.09) | 0.09 (0.10) | 0.02 (0.11) | ||||
| Years of teaching experience | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.01)+ | −0.01 (0.01) | ||||
| Has ECE experience | −0.08 (0.08) | −0.02 (0.08) | −0.06 (0.07) | −0.02 (0.08) | ||||
| Workplace environment | ||||||||
| Lack of parental support | 0.12 (0.04)*** | −0.08 (0.05) | 0.10 (0.04)*** | −0.08 (0.05) | ||||
| Poor objective work conditions | 0.06 (0.03)+ | −0.02 (0.04) | 0.04 (0.03) | −0.01 (0.04) | ||||
| Problems at school (ref: none) | ||||||||
| 1 | 0.04 (0.08) | 0.01 (0.09) | 0.05 (0.08) | 0.01 (0.08) | ||||
| 2 | 0.23 (0.10)* | 0.07 (0.13) | 0.23 (0.10)* | 0.07 (0.13) | ||||
| 3+ | 0.42 (0.12)** | −0.14 (0.14) | 0.41 (0.11)*** | −0.16 (0.13) | ||||
| Personal life stressors | ||||||||
| New to local community | 0.16 (0.09)+ | 0.05 (0.12) | 0.19 (0.09)* | 0.03 (0.12) | ||||
| Household at risk of poverty | 0.15 (0.09) | −0.02 (0.12) | 0.13 (0.08) | −0.03 (0.12) | ||||
| Household is food insecure | 0.41 (0.12)*** | −0.16 (0.13) | 0.37 (0.11)*** | −0.14 (0.13) | ||||
| Treatment × Time (ref: Control) | ||||||||
| TT × Time | −0.26 (0.09)*** | |||||||
| TTPA × Time | −0.19 (0.09)* | |||||||
| Constant | 2.20 (0.23)*** | 1.70 (0.25)*** | 2.24 (0.22)*** | 1.41 (0.28)*** | ||||
| Time (school year) | 0.22 (0.08)*** | 0.42 (0.16)*** | 0.17 (0.05)*** | 0.65 (0.19)*** | ||||
| Random effects parameters | ||||||||
| sd (constant) | 0.43 (0.03)*** | 0.42 (0.03)*** | 0.42 (0.03)*** | 0.40 (0.03)*** | ||||
| sd (residual) | 0.52 (0.02)*** | 0.52 (0.02)*** | 0.51 (0.02)*** | 0.51 (0.02)*** | ||||
+
p < 0.10;
*
p < 0.05;
**
p < 0.01;
***
p < 0.001.
Notes. N = 444; ECE = early-childhood education experience; TT = teacher training group; TTPA = teacher training plus parental awareness meetings group; all models control for treatment group, teacher age, sex, whether the school is public or private, and school district.