FIG 3.

STm invasion into HIO Monolayers is Dependent on SPI-1 T3SS. HIOs were infected for 2 h with WT STm and ΔhilD (0.01 OD₆₀₀). Confocal images (A) show that WT STm (green) is able to permeate the epithelial layer and invade the organoid, but not ΔhilD (red) which is mostly excluded from the epithelial layer. Using a gentamicin invasion assay (B) we show that HilD has significantly reduced invasion into HIOs by (1000-fold). *, P < 0.05, one-way ANOVA with Tukey post test. Invasion assays are combined data from (n = 3) biological replicates.