Table 2.
Respondents’ baseline characteristics
| Overall (N=3516) |
Canada (n=999) |
US (n=733) |
England (n=986) |
Australia (n=798) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wave of Recruitment | |||||
| Recruited from the 4C Survey (<=2015) | 29.5 | 24.6 | 61.3 | 8.5 | 32.5 |
| Recruited in Wave 1 of the 4CV Survey (2016) | 46.2 | 52.3 | 12.3 | 69.0 | 41.6 |
| Recruited in Wave 2 of the 4CV Survey (2018) | 24.3 | 23.1 | 26.5 | 22.5 | 25.9 |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 52.6 | 55.7 | 52.1 | 51.2 | 51.1 |
| Male | 47.4 | 44.3 | 47.9 | 48.8 | 48.9 |
| Age group | |||||
| 18-24 | 4.1 | 7.5 | 3.8 | 3.4 | 1.0 |
| 25-39 | 14.6 | 16.3 | 14.6 | 13.6 | 13.7 |
| 40-54 | 33.3 | 35.0 | 22.6 | 36.5 | 37.1 |
| 55+ | 48.0 | 41.1 | 58.9 | 46.5 | 48.2 |
| Income | |||||
| Low | 33.7 | 39.1 | 35.2 | 24.7 | 36.5 |
| Moderate | 32.6 | 24.5 | 35.1 | 47.1 | 22.6 |
| High | 27.2 | 28.1 | 28.9 | 19.0 | 34.6 |
| Not stated | 6.5 | 8.2 | 0.8 | 9.2 | 6.4 |
| Education | |||||
| Low | 37.7 | 33.7 | 40.1 | 39.9 | 37.6 |
| Moderate | 39.2 | 43.6 | 40.0 | 34.1 | 39.2 |
| High | 22.5 | 22.3 | 19.9 | 24.1 | 22.9 |
| Not stated | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 1.9 | 0.3 |
| Cigarettes smoked/day (categorical) | |||||
| ≤ 10 cig/day | 35.2 | 37.8 | 42.8 | 34.8 | 25.3 |
| 11-20 cig/day | 47.9 | 44.5 | 41.7 | 51.6 | 53.3 |
| 21+ cig/day | 15.8 | 16.6 | 13.4 | 12.5 | 21.2 |
| Not stated | 1.1 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 1.1 | 0.3 |
| Cigarettes smoked/day (continuous) Mean (SD) | 15.3 (8.3) | 14.9 (8.3) | 14.8 (8.9) | 14.9 (7.5) | 17.0 (8.6) |
| Time to first cigarette | |||||
| > 60 min or not stated | 25.7 | 27.4 | 27.4 | 25.8 | 21.8 |
| 31-60 min | 13.0 | 13.0 | 12.6 | 13.1 | 13.3 |
| 6-30 min | 44.0 | 41.9 | 39.3 | 44.8 | 49.9 |
| < 5 min | 17.3 | 17.6 | 20.7 | 16.3 | 15.0 |
| Plans to quit smoking | |||||
| No/don’t know | 37.1 | 26.7 | 42.7 | 48.1 | 31.3 |
| Yes | 62.9 | 73.3 | 57.3 | 51.9 | 68.7 |
| Recent quit attempt | |||||
| No/don’t know | 62.5 | 55.5 | 68.3 | 71.5 | 54.8 |
| Yes | 37.5 | 44.5 | 31.7 | 28.5 | 45.2 |
| Vaping initiation by follow-up | |||||
| Initiated daily vaping | 10.9 | 10.3 | 8.2 | 15.8 | 8.0 |
| Initiated non-daily vaping | 10.3 | 11.0 | 9.3 | 14.0 | 5.8 |
| Did not initiate vaping | 78.8 | 78.7 | 82.5 | 70.2 | 86.2 |
Data are unweighted and unadjusted. All respondents included (eligible) for this study were limited to “exclusive daily smokers” who were not vaping at least monthly at the time of their first survey. US: United States; SD: Standard deviation. Plans to quit smoking: ‘yes’ (within the next month; between 1-6 months from now; sometime in the future, beyond 6 months) vs. ‘no’ (not planning to quit; don’t know). Recent quit attempt: Since you completed the last survey [18 months between Wave 1 to Wave 2 and 24 months between Wave 2 to Wave 3], have you tried to stop smoking?