TABLE 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with chronic pancreatitis stratified by nutritional status.
| No malnutrition (n = 24) | Moderate malnutrition (n = 14) | Severe malnutrition (n = 28) | ||
| Age, yearsa | 53.5 (±15.9) | 56.4 (±13.8) | 58.1 (±13.8) | |
| Male, n (%) | 16 (67) | 12 (86) | 23 (82) | |
| Outcare treatment, n (%) | 16 (67) | 8 (57) | 14 (50) | |
| Etiological risk factors, n (%) | ||||
| Alcohol | 8 (33) | 5 (36) | 14 (50) | |
| Nicotine | 13 (54) | 9 (64) | 20 (71) | |
| Autoimmune | – | 1 (7) | 2 (7) | |
| Idiopathic | 16 (67) | 8 (57) | 12 (43) | |
| Genetic risk factors | 6 (25) | 5 (36) | 6 (21) | |
| Continued substance abuse, n (%) | ||||
| Alcohol | 7 (29) | 5 (36) | 10 (36) | |
| Nicotine | 9 (38) | 5 (36) | 18 (64) | |
| Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, n (%) | 9 (38) | 7 (50) | 15 (54) | |
| Fecal elastase <100 μg/g | 6 (25) | 3 (21) | 13 (46) | |
| Untreated | 3 (33) | 3 (43) | 5 (33) | |
| Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, n (%) | 9 (38) | 8 (57) | 16 (57) | |
| Endocrine pancreatic insufficiency, n (%) | 4 (17) | – | 5 (18) | |
| Pancreatic surgery, n (%) | 3 (13) | 2 (14) | 5 (18) | |
| Endoscopic intervention, n (%) | 5 (21) | 6 (43) | 10 (36) | |
| Opioid treatment, n (%) | 3 (13) | – | 6 (21) | |
| NRS Pain (0–10)b | 3 (5) | 0 (3) | 2.5 (6) | † |
| Diagnosis within last 12 months, n (%) | 9 (38) | 3 (21) | 18 (64) | # |
| COPPS, n (%) | * ‡ | |||
| A | 12 (50) | 4 (29) | 4 (14) | |
| B | 11 (46) | 8 (57) | 16 (57) | |
| C | 1 (4) | 2 (14) | 8 (29) | |
| NRS-2002 ≥3, n (%) | 1 (4) | 3 (21) | 15 (54) | * ‡ # |
COPPS, Chronic Pancreatitis Prognosis Score; NRS-2002, Nutritional Risk Screening 2002; NRS Pain, Numeric rating scale for pain: 0 = no pain, 10 = worst imaginable pain (within past 7 days).
aData is presented as mean (±SD);
bData is presented as median (IQR).
Differences between groups were tested using Chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables and two-tailed t-test for or Mann-Whitney-U test for continuous variables.
*Indicates significant difference between patients with and without malnutrition, p < 0.05.
†Indicates significant difference between patients without malnutrition and with moderate malnutrition, p < 0.05.
‡Indicates significant difference between patients without malnutrition and with severe malnutrition, p < 0.05.
#Indicates significant difference between patients with moderate and with severe malnutrition, p < 0.05.