Table 1.

Two-way ANOVA analysis of effects of Cd stress on leaf functional traits of invasive and native plants.

Effect		Leaf area		Leaf length		Stomatal area
	Df	F ratio	P	F ratio	P	F ratio	P
Species	3	17.17	0.001***	38.60	0.001***	3.43	0.001***
Cd	1	0.20	0.658ns	10.84	0.001***	8.33	0.001***
Species*Cd	3	0.72	0.715ns	4.15	0.003*	1.43	0.001***
Effect		Stomatal length		Stomatal width		Stomatal density
	Df	F ratio	P	F ratio	P	F ratio	P
Species	3	2.63	0.001***	1.33	0.001***	4.23	0.001***
Cd	1	6.73	0.001***	2.82	0.001***	0.56	0.456ns
Species*Cd	3	4.81	0.001***	7.33	0.001***	0.40	0.94ns

Cd, cadmium Significant effects are indicated in boldface as follows: ***p ≤ 0.001, *p ≤ 0.05. ns: no significance.