Table 2.

The effects of Cd stress on leaf functional traits of each invasive and native plant.

Plant species	Leaf area		Leaf length		Stomatal area
	CK	Cd stress	CK	Cd stress	CK	Cd stress
Pennisetum purpureum (invasive)	15.543 ± 0.992a	13.977 ± 0.970a	27.241 ± 1.318a	28.150 ± 1.488a	1.171 ± 0.086ab	1.590 ± 0.120a
Pennisetum alopecuroides (native)	5.245 ± 0.474c	5.745 ± 0.577c	11.757 ± 0.823bc	9.350 ± 1.483c	1.146 ± 0.108ab	1.152 ± 0.1220c
Paspalum dilatatum (invasive)	6.434 ± 0.451b	6.229 ± 0.459b	13.799 ± 1.132b	11.533 ± 1.438b	1.049 ± 0.096b	1.166 ± 0.120b
Paspalum distichum (native)	5.776 ± 0.336c	3.879 ± 0.372d	11.526 ± 1.215bc	6.133 ± 1.484d	1.343 ± 0.109a	0.871 ± 0.122d
Plant species	Stomatal density		Stomatal length		Stomatal width
	CK	Cd stress	CK	Cd stress	CK	Cd stress
Pennistem purpureum (invasive)	50.333 ± 5.373b	44.000 ± 5.949b	1.461 ± 0.047b	1.7110 ± 0.077a	0.832 ± 0.027a	0.918 ± 0.030a
Pennisetum alopecuroides (native)	49.124 ± 4.977b	42.500 ± 5.9549b	1.392 ± 0.034b	1.393 ± 0.077c	0.822 ± 0.019a	0.828 ± 0.030ab
Paspalum dilatatum (invasive)	27.252 ± 1.242c	24.500 ± 5.549c	1.292 ± 0.021c	1.410 ± 0.097b	0.663 ± 0.018c	0.808 ± 0.020ab
Paspalum distichum (native)	62.231 ± 5.551a	48.167 ± 5.954a	1.547 ± 0.053a	1.289 ± 0.079d	0.775 ± 0.019b	0.670 ± 0.040d

Data points are mean ± standard error; different letter was (a, b, c, d) shown as significant differences among different plants were determined by a multiple comparisons Tukey's test.