Table 1.
Origin and flower characteristics of the 36 chrysanthemum cultivars and seven related wild species.
| Sample | Inflorescence sizea | Type of ray floret | Type of flower head | Color of ray flowers | Voucher | Genbank accession number | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cultivar (Chrysanthemum morifolium) | |||||||
| “Cenluanbiran” | Large | Ligulate | Double | Bicolor | ZK-CLBN-1 | ON534022 | China |
| “Caixuechuntao” | Large | Ligulate | Double | Pink | ZK-CXCT-1 | ON534023 | China |
| “Feiyunjuanshen” | Large | Ligulate | Double | NA | ZK-FYJS-1 | ON534028 | China |
| “Gusifoguang” | Large | Ligulate | Double | Yellow | ZK-GSFG-1 | ON534033 | China |
| “Donghaishenyun” | Large | Ligulate | Double | NA | ZK-DHSY-1 | ON534026 | China |
| “Panlongjiangcheng” | Large | Ligulate | Double | Pink | ZK-PLJC-1 | ON534046 | China |
| “Donghainijin” | Large | Ligulate | Double | Red | ZK-DHNJ-1 | ON534025 | China |
| “Jinjiliuxia” | Large | Quilled | Double | Yellow | ZK-JJLX-1 | ON534039 | China |
| “Nanshangaosi” | Large | Quilled | Double | Yellow | ZK-NSGS-1 | ON534045 | China |
| “Xinxinghuo” | Large | Quilled | Double | Yellow | ZK-XXH-1 | ON534054 | China |
| “Zilongtanzhua” | Large | Incurved | Double | Purple | ZK-ZLTZ-1 | ON534057 | China |
| “Taipingbao” | Large | Quilled | Double | Yellow | ZK-TPBO-1 | ON534049 | Japan |
| “Guohuacai” | Large | Ligulate | Double | NA | ZK-GHCI-1 | ON534029 | Japan |
| “Guohuaxingxinghuo” | Large | Ligulate | Double | NA | ZK-GHXX-1 | ON534031 | Japan |
| “Taipinghonglian” | Large | Ligulate | Double | Red | ZK-TPHL-1 | ON534050 | Japan |
| “Guohuafentao” | Large | Ligulate | Double | Pink | ZK-GHFT-1 | ON534030 | Japan |
| “Jingxingzhicheng” | Large | Ligulate | Double | White | ZK-JXZC-1 | ON534040 | Japan |
| “Junhebaiyun” | Large | Ligulate | Double | White | ZK-JHBY-1 | ON534037 | Japan |
| “Jinba” | Large | Ligulate | Double | White | ZK-JINB-1 | ON534048 | Japan |
| “Guohuayulaiguang” | Large | Ligulate | Double | Yellow | ZK-GYLG-1 | ON534032 | Japan |
| “Bonbonyellow” | Large | Spoon-shaped | Double | Yellow | ZK-BBYW-1 | ON534036 | Netherlands |
| “Healing” | Large | Spoon-shaped | Double | Green | ZK-HEAL-1 | ON534043 | Netherlands |
| “Avron” | Large | Spoon-shaped | Double | Red | ZK-AVRN-1 | ON534035 | Netherlands |
| “Casa” | Small | Ligulate | Semi-double | Yellow | ZK-CASA-1 | ON534024 | Netherlands |
| “Florange” | Small | Ligulate | Semi-double | Yellow | ZK-FLOR-1 | ON534041 | Netherlands |
| “Radostyellow” | Small | Ligulate | Double | Yellow | ZK-RADO-Y | ON534047 | Netherlands |
| “Stresa” | Small | Ligulate | Single | Pink | ZK-STRE-1 | ON534042 | Netherlands |
| “Matisse” | Small | Spoon-shaped | Double | Pink | ZK-MATS-1 | ON534044 | Netherlands |
| “Gustavoorange” | Small | Spoon-shaped | Double | Red | ZK-GUST-1 | ON534034 | Netherlands |
| “Mundoorange” | Small | Spoon-shaped | Double | Red | ZK-MUND-1 | ON534051 | Netherlands |
| “Yunshandiezi” | Small | Ligulate | Semi-double | Purple | ZK-YSDZ-1 | ON534053 | New cultivarb |
| “Zhenziju” | Small | Ligulate | Single | Purple | ZK-ZZJU-1 | ON534052 | New cultivarb |
| “Ziban” | Small | Ligulate | Single | Purple | ZK-ZBAN-1 | ON534055 | New cultivarb |
| “Fenban” | Small | Ligulate | Single | Pink | ZK-FENB-1 | ON534027 | New cultivarb |
| “Zihongtuogui” | Small | Ligulate | Single | Purple | ZK-ZHTG-1 | ON534056 | New cultivarb |
| “Ziyan” | Small | Ligulate | Single | Purple | ZK-ZIYA-1 | ON534058 | New cultivarb |
| Wild species | |||||||
| C. boreale (Makino) Makino | Small | Quilled | Single | Yellow | NA | NC037388 | NA |
| C. indicum L. | Small | Ligulate | Single | Yellow | NA | JN867589 | NA |
| C. nankingense (Hand.-Mazz.) X.D.Cui | Small | Ligulate | Single | Yellow | ZK-JHNN-1 | ON534038 | China |
| C. zawadskii Herbich | Small | Ligulate | Single | White, Purple, Red | NA | MW539687 | NA |
| C. chanetii H. Lév. | Small | Ligulate | Single | White, Pink, Purple | NA | MH339742 | NA |
| C. lavandulifolium (Fisch. ex Trautv.) Makino | Small | Ligulate | Single | Yellow | NA | MH165287 | NA |
| C. vestitum (Hemsl.) Stapf | Small | Ligulate | Single | White | NA | NC057203 | NA |
| Outgroup | |||||||
| Ajania pacifica (Nakai) K.Bremer & Humphries | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MN883841 | NA |
a
The inflorescence size was divided into two classes: large (>6 cm) and small (≤6 cm).
b
New cultivars recently developed by Houde agricultural technology (Guangzhou, China).
NA, data not available.