Table 2.
Factors related to circulating sex hormone–binding globulin concentration in AIDS Linked to the IntraVenous Experience (ALIVE)
| Univariable | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Factors | β (95% CI) | P | β (95% CI) | P | β (95% CI) | P | β (95% CI) | P | β (95% CI) | P |
| Age, y | 0.020 (–0.064 to 0.106) | .63 | 0.11 (0.025 to 0.19) | .011 | 0.054 (–0.033 to 0.14) | .26 | 0.13 (0.043 to 0.21) | .003 | 0.10 (–0.008 to 0.21) | .07 |
| Whole-body fat mass, kg | –0.059 (–0.10 to –0.018) | .006 | – | – | 0.0015 (–0.056 to 0.059) | .96 | – | – | – | – |
| Whole-body lean mass, kg | –0.174 (–0.23 to –0.12) | < .001 | – | – | –0.14 (–0.23 to –0.058) | < .001 | – | – | – | – |
| Female sex | 1.60 (0.48 to 2.71) | .005 | 2.37 (1.29 to 3.46) | .000 | 0.64 (–1.11 to 2.39) | .47 | 2.68 (1.61 to 3.75) | < .001 | 2.24 (0.88 to 3.60) | < .001 |
| HIV-serostatus | Reference | – | Reference | Reference | – | Reference | Reference | |||
| HIV + serostatus | ||||||||||
| HIV RNA (≤ 400 copies/mL) | 0.42 (–0.88 to 1.72) | .52 | 0.36 (–0.81 to 1.52) | .55 | 0.27 (–0.93 to 1.47) | .66 | 0.34 (–0.81 to 1.49) | .56 | 0.53 (–0.91 to 1.96) | .47 |
| HIV RNA (> 400 copies/mL) | 2.44 (0.59 to 4.30) | .01 | 2.76 (0.96 to 4.55) | .03 | 2.90 (1.00 to 4.80) | .002 | 2.29 (0.49 to 4.08) | .013 | 2.89 (0.64 to 5.15) | .012 |
| HCV- serostatus | Ref | – | Ref | – | Ref | - | Ref | – | Ref | – |
| HCV RNA (> 15 IU/mL) | 3.74 (2.65 to 4.83) | < .001 | 4.16 (3.09 to 5.24) | .000 | 3.50 (2.37 to 4.63) | .000 | 3.58 (2.47 to 4.69) | < .001 | 3.52 (2.18 to 4.87) | < .001 |
| Diabetes | –0.53 (–2.36,1.30) | .57 | –1.01(-2.66 to 0.64) | .23 | –0.12 (–1.86 to 1.62) | .89 | –1.13 (–2.72 to 0.46) | .16 | –0.20 (–2.91 to 2.50) | .88 |
| AST, U/L | 0.038 (0.023 to 0.053) | < .001 | – | – | – | – | 0.031 (–0.030 to 0.024) | .83 | – | – |
| ALT, U/L | 0.027 (0.009 to 0.045) | .003 | – | – | – | – | –0.003 (–0.030 to 0.024) | .013 | – | – |
| Liver stiffness, kPa | 0.18 (0.062 to 0.31) | .003 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.13 (0.020 to 0.25) | .02 |
| AST level > 2.5 × ULN | 2.78 (1.70 to 3.86) | < .001 | ||||||||
| ALT level > 2.5 × ULN | 1.52 (0.27 to 2.77) | .017 | ||||||||
| Liver disease (≥ 9.3 kPa) | 1.36 (–0.18 to 2.90) | .08 | 0.35 (–1.10 to 1.80) | .64 | 0.27 (–1.22 to 1.75) | .72 | – | – | – | – |
Univariable linear regression; unadjusted.
Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, HIV RNA (HIV seronegative = reference, ≤ 400 copies/mL, >400 copies/mL), HCV RNA (≤ 15 IU/mL = reference, > 15 IU/mL), diabetes, liver disease: based on FibroScan, fibrosis was ≥ 9.3 kPa.
Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, whole-body total lean mass, whole-body total fat mass, HIV RNA (HIV seronegative = reference, ≤ 400 copies/mL, > 400 copies/mL), HCV RNA (≤ 15 IU/mL = reference, >15 IU/mL), diabetes, liver disease: based on FibroScan, fibrosis was ≥ 9.3 kPa.
Model 3: adjusted for age, sex, HIV RNA (HIV seronegative = reference, ≤ 400 copies/mL, > 400 copies/mL), HCV RNA (≤ 15 IU/mL = reference, > 15 IU/mL), diabetes, AST, ALT.
Model 4: adjusted for age, sex, HIV RNA (HIV seronegative = reference, ≤ 400 copies/mL, > 400 copies/mL), HCV RNA (≤ 15 IU/mL = reference, > 15 IU/mL), diabetes, liver stiffness as continuous.
Abbreviations: β, regression coefficient; ALT, alanine transaminase; ART, antiretroviral therapy; AST, aspartate transaminase; BMI, body mass index; HCV, hepatitis C virus; ULN, upper limit of normal.