TABLE II.

The model results for research question 2, showing the effects of masks across habitual, clear, and loud speech styles (6-in. microphone distance). The model estimates for each outcome measure are grouped by fixed effects and interaction terms.

Contrast	Measure (6-in. distance)	Estimate	Standard error	t	p	Effect size parameter
(Intercept)	Intensity	79.688	0.922	86.417	<0.001	14.956
	Mid-range	15.382	1.204	12.779	<0.001	2.634
	Tilt	–14.002	0.631	–22.192	<0.001	3.304
NM vs mask	Intensity	–0.574	0.068	–8.435	<0.001	0.108
	Mid-range	–0.980	0.119	–8.215	<0.001	0.168
	Tilt	–1.192	0.075	–15.897	<0.001	0.281
SM vs KN	Intensity	–0.044	0.079	–0.561	0.575	0.008
	Mid-range	–0.172	0.139	–1.238	0.216	0.029
	Tilt	–0.494	0.087	–5.666	<0.001	0.117
Clear vs loud	Intensity	5.723	0.079	72.526	<0.001	1.074
	Mid-range	7.711	0.138	55.803	<0.001	1.321
	Tilt	2.986	0.411	7.272	<0.001	0.705
Clear vs loud:NM vs mask	Intensity	–0.459	0.166	–2.762	0.006	0.086
	Mid-range	–0.139	0.291	–0.477	0.633	0.024
	Tilt	0.194	0.183	1.059	0.29	0.046
Clear vs loud:SM vs KN	Intensity	–0.172	0.194	–0.889	0.374	0.032
	Mid-range	–0.341	0.340	–1.003	0.316	0.058
	Tilt	–0.379	0.214	–1.772	0.076	0.089
Habit vs altered	Intensity	5.284	0.539	9.798	<0.001	0.992
	Mid-range	7.686	0.120	64.085	<0.001	1.316
	Tilt	3.252	0.341	9.535	<0.001	0.767
Habit vs altered:NM vs mask	Intensity	0.072	0.145	0.496	0.62	0.013
	Mid-range	–0.008	0.254	–0.031	0.975	0.001
	Tilt	–0.271	0.159	–1.697	0.09	0.064
Habit vs altered:SM vs KN	Intensity	–0.201	0.168	–1.197	0.231	0.038
	Mid-range	–0.521	0.294	–1.774	0.076	0.089
	Tilt	–0.303	0.185	–1.641	0.101	0.072