TABLE III.

The model results for research question 2, showing the effects of masks across habitual, clear, and loud speech styles (2-m microphone distance). The model estimates for each outcome measure are grouped by fixed effects and interaction terms.

Contrast	Measure (2-m distance)	Estimate	Standard error	t	p	Effect size parameter
(Intercept)	Intensity	60.968	0.749	81.397	<0.001	13.755
	Mid-range	–6.013	1.175	–5.119	<0.001	0.868
	Tilt	–16.232	0.709	–22.882	<0.001	4.091
NM vs mask	Intensity	–0.414	0.062	–6.659	<0.001	0.093
	Mid-range	–1.038	0.108	–9.650	<0.001	0.150
	Tilt	–2.158	0.079	–27.388	<0.001	0.544
SM vs KN	Intensity	0.157	0.072	2.167	0.03	0.035
	Mid-range	–0.240	0.125	–1.919	0.055	0.035
	Tilt	–0.930	0.092	–10.149	<0.001	0.234
Clear vs loud	Intensity	5.743	0.072	79.600	<0.001	1.296
	Mid-range	7.768	0.125	62.300	<0.001	1.122
	Tilt	2.866	0.091	31.387	<0.001	0.722
Clear vs loud:NM vs mask	Intensity	–0.310	0.152	–2.043	0.041	0.070
	Mid-range	0.036	0.263	0.138	0.89	0.005
	Tilt	0.106	0.192	0.553	0.58	0.027
Clear vs loud:SM vs KN	Intensity	–0.088	0.177	–0.496	0.62	0.020
	Mid-range	–0.201	0.307	–0.654	0.513	0.029
	Tilt	–0.237	0.225	–1.056	0.291	0.060
Habit vs altered	Intensity	5.237	0.472	11.090	<0.001	1.181
	Mid-range	7.974	0.683	11.675	<0.001	1.152
	Tilt	3.316	0.342	9.706	<0.001	0.836
Habit vs altered:NM vs mask	Intensity	–0.062	0.132	–0.469	0.639	0.014
	Mid-range	–0.032	0.229	–0.140	0.888	0.005
	Tilt	–0.148	0.168	–0.882	0.378	0.037
Habit vs altered:SM vs KN	Intensity	0.093	0.153	0.608	0.543	0.021
	Mid-range	0.128	0.265	0.484	0.628	0.019
	Tilt	–0.019	0.194	–0.097	0.923	0.005