TABLE 7.
Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses of factors associated with overprescription of ASMs for SUP.
| Characteristics | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||||
| ≤44 | 1.000 (Reference) | 1.000 (Reference) | ||
| 45–64 | 0.806 (0.570–1.138) | 0.221 | 1.193 (0.797–1.786) | 0.391 |
| ≥65 | 1.527 (1.078–2.164) | 0.017 | 3.591 (2.145–6.012) | <0.001 |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 1.000 (Reference) | 1.000 (Reference) | ||
| Male | 1.049 (0.805–1.365) | 0.725 | 1.200 (0.851–1.693) | 0.299 |
| Current smokers | ||||
| No | 1.000 (Reference) | 1.000 (Reference) | ||
| Yes | 0.844 (0.594–1.198) | 0.343 | 1.076 (0.640–1.809) | 0.782 |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||
| No | 1.000 (Reference) | 1.000 (Reference) | ||
| Yes | 0.639 (0.416–0.980) | 0.040 | 0.638 (0.350–1.163) | 0.142 |
| Occupational status | ||||
| Employed | 1.000 (Reference) | 1.000 (Reference) | ||
| Unemployed | 0.409 (0.299–0.560) | <0.001 | 0.457 (0.293–0.713) | 0.001 |
| Retired | 0.533 (0.364–0.782) | 0.001 | 0.287 (0.171–0.480) | <0.001 |
| Residence | ||||
| Rural | 1.000 (Reference) | 1.000 (Reference) | ||
| Urban | 1.421 (1.090–1.853) | 0.009 | 1.204 (0.791–1.833) | 0.386 |
| Health insurance | ||||
| No | 1.000 (Reference) | 1.000 (Reference) | ||
| Yes | 0.812 (0.615–1.073) | 0.143 | 0.779 (0.559–1.085) | 0.140 |
| Comorbidity conditions | ||||
| Hypertension | 0.930 (0.685–1.261) | 0.639 | 0.663 (0.452–0.972) | 0.035 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.163 (0.781–1.733) | 0.456 | 1.035 (0.645–1.663) | 0.886 |
| Coronary artery disease | 1.868 (1.282–2.721) | 0.001 | 1.485 (0.934–2.359) | 0.095 |
| Osteoporosis | 0.901 (0.560–1.449) | 0.666 | 0.877 (0.511–1.506) | 0.634 |
| Number of comorbidities | 1.108 (0.947–1.296) | 0.199 | - | |
| Complication | ||||
| No | 1.000 (Reference) | 1.000 (Reference) | ||
| Yes | 1.915 (1.309–2.802) | 0.001 | 1.528 (0.984–2.372) | 0.059 |
| Concurrently used drugs | ||||
| Anticoagulants | 1.352 (1.031–1.772) | 0.029 | 1.008 (0.719–1.413) | 0.964 |
| Antiplatelet agents | 0.617 (0.261–1.457) | 0.271 | 0.542 (0.204–1.443) | 0.220 |
| Systemic corticosteroids | 0.259 (0.193–0.348) | <0.001 | 0.316 (0.224–0.446) | <0.001 |
| NSAIDs | 1.431 (1.016–2.016) | 0.040 | 1.432 (0.964–2.125) | 0.075 |
| Number of drugs excluding PPIs | ||||
| 6–14 | 1.000 (Reference) | 1.000 (Reference) | ||
| 15–19 | 0.524 (0.363–0.757) | 0.001 | 0.602 (0.397–0.911) | 0.016 |
| 20–28 | 0.341 (0.235–0.496) | <0.001 | 0.415 (0.263–0.656) | <0.001 |
| 29–59 | 0.296 (0.201–0.436) | <0.001 | 0.348 (0.205–0.590) | <0.001 |
| Length of hospital stay (days) | ||||
| 3–7 | 1.000 (Reference) | 1.000 (Reference) | ||
| 8–10 | 0.662 (0.457–0.959) | 0.029 | 0.860 (0.561–1.317) | 0.487 |
| 11–16 | 0.565 (0.392–0.814) | 0.002 | 1.209 (0.772–1.892) | 0.407 |
| 17–54 | 0.850 (0.580–1.256) | 0.406 | 1.838 (1.122–3.009) | 0.016 |
Bold values indicate a p-value <0.05. OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.