Table 2.
Results of Mycoplasma genitalium typing studies.
| Main aspect | Typing method | Patients/country | No. of patients or samples | Main result(s) of the study | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Methology/epidemiology | mgpB | Not specified + couples/worldwide | 267 | First description of mgpB typing; usefulness for investigation of sexual networks and treatment failures | Hjorth et al., 2006 |
| MgpB recombination | mgpB | Women/Kenya | 9 | Intrastrain mgpB heterogeneity due to recombination | Iverson-Cabral et al., 2006 |
| Methology/epidemiology | mgpB + VNTR MG_309 | Not specified + couples/worldwide | 105 | Description of MG_309 typing; usefulness of mgpB + VNTR MG_309 typing for general epidemiological studies | Ma et al., 2008 |
| Methology/epidemiology | mgpB + VNTR MG_309 | Men + women with and without symptoms/France + Tunisia | 76 | Comparison of methods; mgpB typing for general epidemiological studies; mgpB + VNTR MG_309 typing for sexual-network studies; and MLVA not suitable | Cazanave et al., 2012 |
| Epidemiology | mgpB | Women with previous STD and partners/United States | 80 | Evaluation of sequence variability between strains from partners and occurrence of reinfections | Musatovova and Baseman, 2009 |
| Resistance | mgpB | Not specified/France | 136 | Evaluation of sequence variability, selection for mutation during treatment; and polyclonality of macrolide resistance | Chrisment et al., 2012 |
| Epidemiology | mgpB | Women in sexual health and family planning clinics/Guinea-Bissau | 30 | Diversity of circulating strains | Olsen et al., 2012 |
| Methology | mgpB + VNTR MG_309 |
Not specified/Cuba |
12 | Importance of typing for documentation of absence of cross-contamination | Mondeja et al., 2013 |
| Resistance/epidemiology | mgpB + VNTR MG_309 | Men with and without urethritis/United Kingdom | 22 | Two major clusters of genotypes with macrolide resistance in both clusters | Pond et al., 2014 |
| Resistance/epidemiology | mgpB + VNTR MG_309 | Men with NGU/Japan | 20 | Evaluation of genotype variability | Kikuchi et al., 2014 |
| Resistance/epidemiology | mgpB + VNTR MG_309 | MSM/Germany | 19 | Evaluation of genotype variability; comparison of first and follow-up samples | Dumke et al., 2016 |
| Resistance/follow-up | mgpB + VNTR MG_309 | Men (mainly MSM)/Germany | 163 | Evaluation of genotype variability; comparison of first and follow-up samples | Dumke et al., 2020 |
| Resistance/epidemiology | mgpB + VNTR MG_309 | Women in antenatal clinics/Solomon Islands | 41 | Two major clusters of genotypes, strain replacement after mass drug administration for trachoma elimination | Harrison et al., 2019 |
| Resistance/follow-up | mgpB + VNTR MG_309 | Patients with suspected STD/Spain | 79 | Differentiation of persistent and recurrent infections | Pineiro et al., 2019 |
| Resistance/epidemiology | mgpB + VNTR MG_309 | Heterosexual couples/US | 33 | Concordance of strains in couples | Xiao et al., 2019 |
| Resistance/epidemiology | mgpB + VNTR MG_309 | Mainly MSM/Spain | 54 | Two major clusters of genotypes with correlation to sexual networks and to macrolide resistance | Fernandez-Huerta et al., 2020b |
| Methology/epidemiology | mgpB | Patients of a sexual health center/Australia | 52 | Establishment of a custom amplicon sequencing approach for mgpB typing | Plummer et al., 2020 |
| Resistance/epidemiology | mgpB | Not specified/Australia | 89 | Genotype variability correlated with de novo acquisition of resistance | Sweeney et al., 2020 |
| Resistance/epidemiology | mgpB | Men in STD clinics/France | 78 | Lower diversity of types among macrolide-resistant strains | Guiraud et al., 2021 |
| Epidemiology | mgpB + VNTR MG_309 | Men and women with and without symptoms/South Africa | 38 | Circulation of different genotypes without geographic clustering | Laumen et al., 2021 |
| Resistance/follow-up | mgpB + VNTR MG_309 | Mainly MSM/Germany | 54 | Evaluation of first and follow-up samples during a resistance-guided treatment regime; two major clusters of genotypes with correlation to MSM and macrolide resistance | Dumke and Spornraft-Ragaller, 2021 |
| Resistance/epidemiology | mgpB | Asymptomatic MSM/Australia | 94 | Resistance not restricted to specific genotypes | Chua et al., 2021 |
STD, sexually transmitted disease; VNTR MG_309, variable number of tandem repeat in gene MG_309; NGU, non-gonococcal urethritis; and MSM, men who have sex with men.