Table 2.
Clinical, microbiological and radiographic profiles among clusters in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
| Total (N = 4,370) |
Cluster 1 (N = 694) |
Cluster 2 (N = 645) |
Cluster 3 (N = 1,048) |
Cluster 4 (N = 1,106) |
Cluster 5 (N = 877) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Symptom | ||||||
| Asymptomatic | 1,578 (36.1%) | 308 (44.4%) | 276 (42.8%) | 408 (38.9%)* | 357 (32.3%)** | 229 (26.1%)** |
| Cough or phlegm | 1,792 (41.0%) | 281 (40.5%) | 250 (38.8%) | 422 (40.3%) | 483 (43.7%) | 356 (40.6%) |
| Dyspnoea | 630 (14.4%) | 66 (9.5%) | 36 (5.6%)** | 128 (12.2%) | 203 (18.4%)** | 197 (22.5%)** |
| Chest pain | 258 (5.9%) | 44 (6.3%) | 68 (10.5%)** | 62 (5.9%) | 50 (4.5%) | 34 (3.9%)* |
| Haemoptysis | 219 (5.0%) | 41 (5.9%) | 40 (6.2%) | 73 (7.0%) | 39 (3.5%)** | 26 (3.0%)** |
| Fever | 500 (11.4%) | 62 (8.9%) | 75 (11.6%) | 107 (10.2%) | 138 (12.5%)* | 118 (13.5%)** |
| General weakness | 215 (4.9%) | 8 (1.2%) | 9 (1.4%) | 49 (4.7%)** | 52 (4.7%)** | 97 (11.1%)** |
| Weight loss | 342 (7.8%) | 19 (2.7%) | 58 (9.0%)** | 134 (12.8%)** | 52 (4.7%)* | 79 (9.0%)** |
| Microbiologic results | ||||||
| AFB smear ( +) | 1,109 (29.2%) | 134 (22.8%) | 125 (22.6%) | 315 (35.0%)** | 264 (27.4%)* | 271 (34.4%)** |
| AFB culture ( +) | 2,412 (64.4%) | 325 (56.0%) | 343 (62.4%)* | 567 (63.7%)** | 640 (67.8%)** | 537 (68.9%)** |
| INH mono-resistance | 128 (2.9%) | 17 (2.4%) | 14 (2.2%) | 32 (3.0%) | 37 (3.4%) | 28 (3.2%) |
| RIF or multidrug resistance | 76 (1.7%) | 11 (1.6%) | 19 (2.9%)* | 24 (2.3%) | 12 (1.1%) | 10 (1.1%) |
| Radiographic results | ||||||
| Cavity disease | 816 (19.1%) | 136 (19.9%) | 154 (24.3%)* | 286 (28.1%)** | 109 (10.1%)** | 131 (15.3%)* |
| Bilateral disease | 1,354 (32.8%) | 148 (22.7%) | 138 (22.4%) | 380 (38.3%)** | 322 (30.9%)** | 366 (44.0%)** |
| Extrapulmonary involvement | ||||||
| Any | 228 (5.2%) | 39 (5.6%) | 40 (6.2%) | 38 (3.6%)* | 59 (5.3%) | 52 (5.9%) |
| TB pleurisy | 151 (3.5%) | 29 (4.2%) | 20 (3.1%) | 24 (2.3%)* | 41 (3.7%) | 37 (4.2%) |
| TB lymphadenopathy | 26 (0.6%) | 4 (0.6%) | 12 (1.9%)** | 2 (0.2%) | 7 (0.6%) | 1 (0.1%) |
| Gastrointestinal TB | 20 (0.5%) | 1 (0.3%) | 5 (0.8%) | 6 (0.6%) | 5 (0.5%) | 2 (0.2%) |
| Bone/joint TB | 26 (0.6%) | 3 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (0.4%) | 8 (0.8%) | 10 (1.1%) |
| CNS TB | 6 (0.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.3%) | 2 (0.2%) | 1 (0.1%) | 1 (0.1%) |
| Genitourinary TB | 3 (0.1%) | 1 (0.1%) | 1 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.1%) |
| Disseminated TB | 80 (1.8%) | 10 (1.4%) | 20 (3.1%) | 14 (1.3%) | 21 (1.9%) | 15 (1.7%) |
AFB, acid-fast bacilli; TB, tuberculosis; CNS, central nervous system; INH, isoniazid; RIF, rifampicin.
*indicate statistical significance of P < 0.05.
**indicate statistical significance of P < 0.01 compared to reference group of cluster 1.