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. 2022 Jun 16;12:10147. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-13760-7

Table 2.

Different causes of mortality risks between patients with DPP4i and with SGLT2i use in the propensity score matched population.

Events, n Person-years Mortality rate per 100 person-years Crude HR (95% CI) p value Adjusted HR (95% CI) p value
Deaths from all causes
DPP4i (N = 53,264) 820 66,101.22 12.41 REF REF
SGLT2i (N = 53,264) 563 64,908.64 8.67 0.70 (0.63–0.78)  <  0.001 0.66 (0.59–0.74)  < 0.001
Dapagliflozin (N = 29,834) 284 36,357.31 7.81 0.63 (0.55–0.72)  <  0.001 0.65 (0.57–0.75)  < 0.001
Empagliflozin (N = 23,403) 278 28,374.46 9.8 0.80 (0.69–0.91)  <  0.001 0.67 (0.58–0.76) < 0.001
Canagliflozin (N = 601) 1 176.87 5.65 0.62 (0.09–4.42) 0.63 0.62 (0.09–4.41) 0.63
Cardiovascular deaths
DPP4i (N = 53,264) 205 66,101.22 3.1 REF REF
SGLT2i (N = 53,264) 144 64,908.64 2.22 0.72 (0.58–0.89) 0.003 0.68 (0.55–0.84)  < 0.001
Dapagliflozin (N = 29,533) 68 36,357.31 1.87 0.61 (0.46–0.80)  < 0.001 0.63 (0.48–0.84) 0.001
Empagliflozin (N = 23,136) 76 28,374.46 2.68 0.87 (0.67–1.13) 0.30 0.73 (0.56–0.95) 0.02
Canagliflozin (N = 595) 0 176.87 0
Cancer deaths
DPP4i (N = 53,264) 199 66,101.22 3.01 REF REF
SGLT2i (N = 53,264) 151 64,908.64 2.33 0.78 (0.63–0.96) 0.02 0.73 (0.59–0.90) 0.003
Dapagliflozin (N = 29,533) 81 36,357.31 2.23 0.75 (0.58–0.97) 0.03 0.76 (0.59–0.99) 0.04
Empagliflozin (N = 23,136) 69 28,374.46 2.43 0.82 (0.62–1.07) 0.15 0.68 (0.52–0.90) 0.007
Canagliflozin (N = 595) 1 176.87 5.65 3.18 (0.44–22.76) 0.25 3.24 (0.45–23.38) 0.24
Non-cancer, non-vascular deaths
DPP4i (N = 53,264) 416 66,101.22 6.29 REF REF
SGLT2i (N = 53,264) 268 64,908.64 4.13 0.66 (0.57–0.77)  < 0.001 0.62 (0.53–0.72)  < 0.001
Dapagliflozin (N = 29,533) 135 36,357.31 3.71 0.59 (0.49–0.72)  < 0.001 0.61 (0.50–0.74)  < 0.001
Empagliflozin (N = 23,136) 133 28,374.46 4.69 0.75 (0.62–0.91) 0.004 0.63 (0.52–0.76)  < 0.001
Canagliflozin (N = 595) 0 176.87 0

Adjusted models were adjusted by age, gender, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cerebral vascular disease, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetes medications usage (GLP-1 agonist, insulin, and metformin), and other medication usages (aspirin, ACEI/ARB and statin).