Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by hospital readmission and emergency department visits
| Hospital Readmissions |
Emergency Department Visits |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient Characteristics | Overall (N = 308) |
0 (N = 180) |
1-2 (N = 74) |
3+ (N = 54) |
0 (N = 163) |
1-2 (N = 84) |
3+ (N = 61) |
| Age (years) | 7 [2, 13] | 8 [2, 13] | 6 [2, 13] | 6 [2, 12] | 8 [3, 14] | 6 [2, 13] | 4 [1, 11] |
| Male Sex | 169 (55%) | 96 (53%) | 40 (54%) | 33 (61%) | 89 (55%) | 41 (49%) | 39 (64%) |
| Area Deprivation Index (national rank)1 | 32 [15, 68] | 32 [17, 68] | 36 [15, 77] | 21 [12, 51] | 31 [13, 65] | 31 [15, 68] | 32 [15, 71] |
| Health insurance status | |||||||
| Private insurance | 135 (44%) | 77 (43%) | 31 (42%) | 27 (50%) | 71 (44%) | 35 (42%) | 29 (48%) |
| State Medicaid | 157 (51%) | 93 (52%) | 40 (54%) | 24 (44%) | 82 (50%) | 46 (55%) | 29 (48%) |
| Other2/Unknown | 16 (5%) | 10 (6%) | 3 (4%) | 3 (6%) | 10 (6%) | 3 (4%) | 3 (5%) |
| Pre-sepsis Functional Status Scale score | 6 [6, 11] | 6 [6, 10] | 8 [6, 12] | 8 [6, 12] | 6 [6, 11] | 7 [6, 12] | 7 [6, 12] |
| Pediatric Medical Complexity Algorithm2 | |||||||
| No chronic conditions | 150 (49%) | 113 (63%) | 22 (30%) | 15 (28%) | 93 (57%) | 36 (43%) | 21 (34%) |
| Non-complex chronic condition(s) | 17 (6%) | 8 (4%) | 6 (8%) | 3 (6%) | 8 (5%) | 4 (5%) | 5 (8%) |
| Complex chronic condition(s) | 140 (45%) | 59 (33%) | 46 (62%) | 35 (65%) | 62 (38%) | 44 (52%) | 34 (56%) |
| Day 1 PELOD3 | 8 [6, 11] | 8 [6, 10] | 8 [7, 10] | 8 [6, 11] | 9 [6, 11] | 8 [6, 10] | 7 [6, 11] |
| PRISM III4 | 11 [6, 16] | 10 [5, 16] | 13 [8, 18] | 10 [6, 14] | 11 [6, 17] | 12 [7, 18] | 10 [6, 14] |
| Infectious disease status5 | |||||||
| Suspected | 180 (58%) | 116 (64%) | 40 (54%) | 24 (44%) | 104 (64%) | 42 (50%) | 34 (56%) |
| Documented | 128 (42%) | 64 (36%) | 34 (46%) | 30 (56%) | 59 (36%) | 42 (50%) | 27 (44%) |
| Any immune-related comorbid conditions6 | 50 (16%) | 23 (13%) | 14 (19%) | 13 (24%) | 24 (15%) | 16 (19%) | 10 (16%) |
| Hospitalization Characteristics | |||||||
|
| |||||||
| ΔFSS Day 77 | 3 [0, 9] | 3 [0, 9] | 4 [0, 9] | 2 [0, 7] | 2 [0, 10] | 4 [0, 8] | 3 [0, 8] |
| Neurologic insult(s) during PICU stay | 118 (38%) | 63 (35%) | 35 (47%) | 20 (37%) | 60 (37%) | 35 (42%) | 23 (38%) |
| Cardiopulmonary resuscitation | 12 (4%) | 6 (3%) | 5 (7%) | 1 (2%) | 6 (4%) | 3 (4%) | 3 (5%) |
| Cumulative 28-day PELOD-2 | 50 [29, 81] | 48 [28, 76] | 64 [31, 115] | 51 [24, 66] | 50 [27, 82] | 46 [30, 91] | 55 [31, 80] |
| PICU length of stay (days) | 9 [5, 15] | 8 [5, 14] | 10 [6, 19] | 8 [4, 14] | 8 [5, 15] | 9 [6, 14] | 9 [6, 13] |
| Ventilation (days) | |||||||
| 9 days or less | 195 (63%) | 115 (64%) | 43 (58%) | 37 (69%) | 101 (62%) | 53 (63%) | 41 (67%) |
| 10+ days | 113 (37%) | 65 (36%) | 31 (42%) | 17 (31%) | 62 (38%) | 31 (37%) | 20 (33%) |
| Hospital length of stay (days) | 16 [9, 24] | 14 [9, 22] | 19 [12, 31] | 18 [11, 25] | 15 [9, 24] | 15 [10, 26] | 17 [11, 24] |
Area deprivation index (ADI) was unavailable for 58 patients.
Patient categorized based on data collected within the pediatric health information system (PHIS) for the 3 years prior to LAPSE index ICU admission. PHIS data was unavailable for 1 patient.
Day 1 Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction 2 (PELOD-2) refers to the calculated score on the calendar day of PICU admission if subject was admitted before noon. If admitted after 12 pm noon, it refers to the following day.
Pediatric Risk of Mortality III (PRISM III) score uses the worst physiologic values obtained during the 6-hour period from 2 hours prior to PICU admission through four hours post PICU admission.
Documented infections were collected from PICU admission until Day 28 or ICU discharge, whichever occurred first.
Immune-related comorbid conditions were collected daily from PICU admission until Day 28 or PICU discharge, whichever occurred first.
Relative to pre-sepsis baseline.