Table 1.
Prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in infertile women.
| Author, year | Patients’ characteristics | Hallmark of TAI | Percentage of TAI+ | Conclusion | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Karakan, 2013 (25) | 253 women undergoing ART for male/female causes of infertility | TPOAb, TgAb | 13.4% | No difference in causes of infertility between TAI+ and TAI- | |
| Dhillon-Smith, 2020 (28) | 19,350 women, miscarriage/infertility | TPOAb | 9.5% | Higher prevalence of TAI in obese women | |
| Hamad, 2021 (29) | 584 women undergoing ART for female/male/combined infertility | TPOAb, TgAb | 25.3% | TAI more prevalent in women with combined infertility factors | |
| Percentage of TAI+ | |||||
| Patients | Controls | ||||
| Poppe, 2002 (31) | 438 women with various causes of infertility, 100 age-matched healthy parous controls | TPOAb | 14% | 8% | Higher prevalence of TAI in women with female causes (the highest in endometriosis) |
| Petta, 2007 (32) | 148 women with endometriosis 158 without |
TPOAb, TgAb | 14.9% | 22.2% | No difference in TAI prevalence |
| Janssen, 2004 (22) | 175 patients with PCOS, 168 age-matched without PCOS |
TPOAb, TgAb | 26%. | 8.3% | Threefold higher prevalence of TAI in patients with PCOS |
| Hypoechoic pattern at T-US | 42.3% | 6.5% | |||
| Kim, 2020 (33) | 210 women with PCOS, 343 age-matched controls |
TPOAb | 4.8% | 7.6% | No difference in TAI prevalence |
| Hypoechoic pattern at T-US | 9.3% | 12.3% | |||
| Unuane, 2013 (35) | 356 women, female infertility, 458 not consulting for infertility/male infertility | TPOAb, TgAb | 19% | 13% | Higher prevalence of TAI in infertile women |
TAI, thyroid autoimmunity; ART, assisted reproductive technology; TPOAb, thyroperoxidase antibody; TgAb, thyroglobulin antibody; PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome; T-US, thyroid ultrasound.