Table 1.
Basic characteristics.
| Group | VD-br | VD-fo | CS-br | CS-fo | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total number (n) | 10 | 17 | 8 | 27 | — |
| Male/female | 4/6 | 10/7 | 4/4 | 15/12 | 0.832b |
| Usage of antibiotics(yes/no) | 1/9 | 2/15 | 0/8 | 10/17 | 0.064b |
| Gestational age (w: week. d: day) | 39 w 4 d ± 6 d | 39 w 3 d ± 6 d | 38 w 6 d ± 1w | 38 w 5 d ± 1 w 3 d | 0.185c |
| Birth weight (g) | 3,233 ± 343 | 3,241 ± 344 | 3,320 ± 435 | 3,285 ± 445 | 0.959c |
| Birth length(cm) | 50.0 ± 1.4 | 49.8 ± 1.9 | 45.0 | 50.0/51.5a | 0.335c |
| Head circumference (cm) | 32.5/34.0a | 33.6 ± 1.1 | — | 33.7 ± 0.5 | 0.775c |
| Weight (g) in 40 d | 4,650/4,963a | 4,655 ± 511 | 4,500/4,700a | 4,698 ± 67 | 0.752c |
| Length (cm) in 40 d | 55.6 ± 1.3 | 55.8 ± 1.6 | 53.5/55.0a | 54.5/56.4a | 0.196c |
| Head circumference (cm) in 40 d | 36.4/38.1a | 37.2/38.3a | 36.5/38.5a | 37.0/38.6a | 0.964c |
| Weight (g) in 3 m | 6,250/6950a | 6,604 ± 584 | 5,800/6,400a | 6,200/7,000a | 0.217c |
| Length (cm) in 3 m | 60.0/63.0a | 61.3/62.9a | 57.0/62.0a | 60.0/63.7a | 0.174c |
| Head circumference (cm) in 3 m | 39.8/41.1a | 39.8/41.1a | 38.5/40.0a | 40.0/42.0a | 0.112c |
| Weight (g) in 6 m | 8,400 ± 860 | 8,055/8850a | 8,294 ± 1,026 | 7,900/8,700a | 0.928c |
| Length (cm) in 6 m | 65.5/68.8a | 66.5/70.0a | 65.0/68.0a | 459.5 ± 2.7 | 0.560c |
| Head circumference (cm) in 6 m | 41.1/44.3a | 43.0/45.0a | 41.0/43.0a | 43.0/44.4a | 0.091c |
| Eczema or food allergies before 2 years old (yes/no) | 8/2 | 9/8 | 3/5 | 15/12 | 0.330b |
| Times of respiratory or intestinal infections before 2 years old | 3/5 | 5 ± 3 | 4 ± 3 | 4 ± 2 | 0.987c |
a
.The values of the 25th and 75th percentile (P25/P75).
b
.Intergroup differences were evaluated using the χ2 test for categorical variables.
c
.Variables were statistically tested using the Kruskal-Wallis test.