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. 2022 May 26;13:846155. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.846155

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Copyright © 2022 Patterson, Osorio, Peniche, Dann, Cordova, Preidis, Suh, Ito, Saldarriaga, Loeffelholz, Ajami, Travi and Melby

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Malnutrition promotes increased inflammation and permeability in the cecum and colon but spares the ileum. (A) Histopathology of ileum and colon in malnourished and well-nourished control mice. (B) Villus height and number of inflammatory cells in ileum of control (Con) and malnourished (MN) mice. (C) Crypt length and number of inflammatory cells in colon of control and MN mice. (D) Concentration of 4 kDa FITC-Dextran in serum of control and MN mice 1 hour after oral gavage. (E) Concentration of 4 kDa FITC-Dextran in serum of control and MN mice 1 hour after intracolonic delivery. (F) Concentration of FITC-LPS in serum of control and MN mice 1 hour and 16 hrs after intracolonic delivery. (G) Ex vivo paracellular permeability of intestinal epithelium from ileum, cecum, and colon (n=4 samples of each tissue) in control and MN mice over 2 hours diffusion in an Ussing diffusion chamber. Data are expressed as median with interquartile range of concentration over time measured in the basolateral side following delivery of 4 kDa FITC-dextran to the apical side of the intestinal epithelium of the ileum, cecum, and colon, and as composite figure where the data were normalized to the average measurements over all time points. (*p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001).