Table 6.

The classification performance based on five-fold cross-validation (unit: %).

Methods	Fold	Acc	Sen	Spe	Pre	F1
DSNN(Ours)	F 1	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
	F 2	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
	F 3	94.87	100.00	50.00	94.59	97.22
	F 4	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
	F 5	97.44	100.00	75.00	97.22	98.59
	Avr	98.46	100.00	85.00	98.36	99.16
	Std	±2.05	±0.00	±20.00	±2.17	±1.11
DRVFL(Ours)	F 1	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
	F 2	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
	F 3	89.74	100.00	0.00	89.74	94.59
	F 4	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
	F 5	97.44	100.00	75.00	97.22	98.59
	Avr	97.44	100.00	75.00	97.39	98.64
	Std	±3.97	±0.00	±38.73	±3.97	±2.10
DELM(Ours)	F 1	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
	F 2	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
	F 3	92.31	100.00	25.00	92.11	95.89
	F 4	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
	F 5	97.44	100.00	75.00	97.22	98.59
	Avr	97.95	100.00	80.00	97.87	98.90
	Std	±2.99	±0.00	±29.15	±3.07	±1.60
Fine-tuned DenseNet	F 1	87.50	86.11	100.00	100.00	92.54
	F 2	82.05	80.00	100.00	100.00	88.89
	F 3	89.74	88.57	100.00	100.00	93.94
	F 4	85.00	83.33	100.00	100.00	90.91
	F 5	79.49	77.14	100.00	100.00	87.10
	Avr	84.76	83.03	100.00	100.00	90.67
	Std	±3.67	±4.10	±0.00	±0.00	±2.46
AlexNet-SNN	F 1	89.74	100.00	0.00	89.74	94.59
	F 2	89.74	100.00	0.00	89.74	94.59
	F 3	90.00	97.22	25.00	92.11	94.59
	F 4	90.00	97.22	25.00	92.11	94.59
	F 5	89.74	97.14	25.00	91.89	94.44
	Avr	89.84	98.32	15.00	91.12	94.56
	Std	±0.13	±1.38	±12.25	±1.13	±0.06
ResNet-18-SNN	F 1	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
	F 2	97.50	100.00	75.00	97.30	98.63
	F 3	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
	F 4	94.87	100.00	50.00	94.59	97.22
	F 5	94.87	97.14	75.00	97.14	97.14
	Avr	97.45	99.43	80.00	97.81	98.60
	Std	±2.29	±1.14	±18.71	±2.03	±1.26
ResNet-50-SNN	F 1	95.00	94.44	100.00	100.00	97.14
	F 2	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
	F 3	97.44	97.14	100.00	100.00	98.55
	F 4	95.00	100.00	50.00	94.74	97.30
	F 5	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
	Avr	97.49	98.32	90.00	98.95	98.60
	Std	±2.24	±2.23	±20.00	±2.10	±1.24
VGG-SNN	F 1	97.50	100.00	75.00	97.30	98.63
	F 2	87.50	94.44	25.00	91.89	93.15
	F 3	94.87	97.14	75.00	97.14	97.14
	F 4	89.74	100.00	0.00	89.74	94.59
	F 5	87.18	88.57	75.00	96.88	92.54
	Avr	91.36	96.03	50.00	94.59	95.21
	Std	±4.12	±4.26	±31.62	±3.16	±2.33
Restricted DenseNet-SNN	F 1	94.87	94.29	100.00	100.00	97.06
	F 2	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
	F 3	97.37	97.06	100.00	100.00	98.51
	F 4	94.87	100.00	50.00	94.59	97.22
	F 5	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
	Avr	97.42	98.27	90.00	98.92	98.56
	Std	±2.09	±1.83	±1.97	±2.09	±1.69

The bold values are results of our proposed model.