Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants*.
| Variable | Tai Chi group (n = 20) | Control group (n = 20) | P** |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age, years | 64.15 ± 8.56 | 64.15 ± 8.56 | 0.967 |
| Body Mass Index, kg/m2 | 24.60 ± 5.64 | 24.37 ± 2.71 | 0.873 |
| Course of disease, years | 6.60 ± 2.01 | 5.60 ± 2.16 | 0.138 |
| Radiograph score, n (%) | |||
| K/L grade 1 | 7 (35) | 7 (35) | |
| K/L grade 2 | 8 (40) | 7 (35) | |
| K/L grade 3 | 5 (25) | 6 (30) | 0.924χ |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 14 (43.8) | 12 (33.3) | |
| Diabetes | 10 (31.3) | 15 (41.7) | |
| Osteoporosis | 6 (18.8) | 8 (22.2) | |
| COPD | 2 (6.3) | 1 (2.8) | 0.672χ |
| WOMAC score | |||
| Knee pain (0-50)† | 21.22 ± 3.42 | 21.17 ± 3.81 | 0.970 |
| Knee stiffness(0-20)† | 10.27 ± 2.73 | 10.12 ± 3.27 | 0.876 |
| Physical function (0-170)† | 40.83 ± 5.23 | 40.23 ± 7.58 | 0.787 |
| Balance function, Mean (SD) | |||
| BBS (0-56)‡ | 52.27 ± 1.96 | 51.94 ± 2.07 | 0.625 |
| TUG, seconds | 10.13 ± 0.42 | 10.17 ± 0.51 | 0.769 |
| Health-related quality of life | |||
| SF-36 PCS (0-100)‡ | 58.33 ± 7.27 | 57.64 ± 6.15 | 0.766 |
| SF-36 MCS(0-100)‡ | 57.38 ± 6.64 | 58.70 ± 5.04 | 0.515 |
| Sleep quality | |||
| PSQI (0-21)† | 8.89 ± 4.28 | 9.47 ± 2.47 | 0.629 |
| Anxiety and Depression | |||
| SDS (20-80)† | 42.55 ± 8.12 | 41.94 ± 5.84 | 0.800 |
| SAS (20-80)† | 39.94 ± 5.81 | 39.35 ± 3.80 | 0.726 |
*Values are shown as mean ± SD (Standard Deviation) unless otherwise indicated. **P values were calculated by t-test for continuous variables and by chi-square test for categorical variables. K/L, Kellgren-Lawrence scale; COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; WOMAC, The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index; BBS, Berg balance scale; TUG, Time up go; SF-36, The MOS item short form health survey; MCS, Mental component summary; PCS, Physical component summary; PAQI, Pittsburgh sleep quality index; SAS, Self-rating Anxiety Scale; SDS, Self-rating Depression Scale. †Lower scores indicated an improved state. ‡Higher scores indicated an improved state. χChi-squared test.