Figure 1.

Native Fasciola hepatica molecules modulate Th1/Th2 skewing by LPS-stimulated dendritic cells. Human monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) were treated with or without F hepatica somatic antigens (fhSFA, 25 µg/ml) or excretory-secretory products (fhESPs) in the presence of LPS (100 ng/ml) (A) After 48 hours, the cell-surface expression of co-stimulatory molecules (B, E) and cytokines production by moDCs (C, F) were determined by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively moDCs primed with or without fhSFA and fhESPs were cultured with allogeneic naïve CD4⁺ T cells for 11 days in the presence of SEB and IL-2 Intracellular IL-4 and IFNγ expression was assayed by flow cytometry 6 hours after restimulation with PMA and ionomycin (D, G), and the IL-4-on-IFNγ ratio calculated One representative experiment is shown for the Zebra plot All data are expressed relative to the DCs stimulated with LPS alone (dash line) as mean ± SEM * P ≤ 005 vs LPS alone (n=3 independent experiments).