Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of included studies.
| First author and year | Design | Country | Follow-up | Patients | Male (%) | Total cases | Sample size | Treatment | Age (years) | Disease duration (years) | HbA1c (%) | Outcomes | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IDeg | IGla | Group1 | Group2 | IDeg | IGla | IDeg | IGla | IDeg | IGla | ||||||||
| Yoshiko, 2016 (13) |
RCT, C | Japan | 8 weeks | T1DM | 54% | 13 | 13☆ | 13☆ | IDeg★ | IGla▲ | 44.9 (7.2) | 44.9 (7.2) | 15.5 (7.0) | 15.5 (7.0) | 7.8 (0.54) | 7.9 (0.54) | ①②③④ |
| RyoIga, 2017 (18) |
RCT,O,C | Japan | 24 weeks | T1DM | 55% | 20 | 10 | 10 | IAsp + IDeg★ | IAsp + IGla▲ | 54 (16) | 54 (16) | 16 (8) | 16 (8) | 7.1 (0.9) | 7.7 (0.6) | ②⑤⑦ |
| Yuji, 2019 (28) |
RCT,O,C | Japan | 10 days | T2DM | 60% | 30 | 15 | 15 | IDeg★ | IGla300 | 69.5 (11.3) | 69.5 (11.3) | 18.3 (11.3) | 18.3 (11.3) | 8.0 (1.5) | 8.5 (2.2) | ①②③⑤⑥⑦⑧ |
| Tomoaki, 2015 (17) |
RCT,O,M,C | Japan | 8 weeks | T1DM | 41% | 36 | 17 | 19 | IDeg★ | IGla▲ | 57 (14) | 57 (14) | 18 (10) | 18 (10) | 7.4 (0.8) | 7.4 (0.8) | ①②⑥ |
| Yoshimasa, 2017 (19) |
RCT,O,M,P | Japan | 24 weeks | T2DM | 45% | 43 | 31 | 12 | IDeg★ | IGla▲ | 64.0 (13.6) | 64.7 (15.7) | 10 (3.5) | 14.5 (5.27) | 8.88 (1.48) | 8.84 (1.46) | ⑥ |
| Hiroshi, 2020 (27) |
RCT,M,C | Japan | 4 weeks | T1DM | 30% | 46 | 23 | 23 | IDeg★ | IGla300 | 53.3 (14.7) | 53.3 (14.7) | 19.4 (11.6) | 19.4 (11.6) | 7.6 (0.7) | 7.6 (0.7) | ①②③⑤⑥⑦⑧ |
| Jun, 2019 (14) | RCT,O,P | Japan | 12 days | T2DM | 51% | 74 | 36 | 38 | IDeg100 | IGla100 | 58.9 (10.5) | 61.8 (9.4) | 3.9 (4.6) | 6.6 (8.2) | 11.3 (1.4) | 10.4 (1.9) | ①②③⑤⑥ |
| Yan.Han, 2020 (31) |
RCT,P | China | NR | T2DM | 58% | 64 | 32 | 32 | IAsp + IDeg★ | IAsp + IGla▲ | 52.38 (6.29) | 52.54 (6.07) | 10.34 (1.25) | 10.29 (1.54) | 9.12 (1.46) | 9.07 (1.34) | ②⑤ |
| LiTian, 2019 (30) |
RCT,P | China | NR | T2DM | 67% | 86 | 43 | 43 | IAsp+IDeg300 | IAsp + IGla300 | 53.3 (8.8) | 53.9 (8.5) | NR | NR | 11.2 (1.8) | 11.4 (1.7) | ⑤ |
| Qing, 2020 (29) |
RCT,P | China | NR | T2DM | 59% | 100 | 30 | 70 | IAsp + IDeg300 | IAsp + IGla300 | 57.96 (8.35) | 58.74 (8.41) | 4.23 (1.05) | 4.12 (1.03) | 11.29 (1.74) | 11.25 (1.85) | ⑤ |
| Ronald, 2021 (26) |
RCT,O,M,C | Canada | 41 weeks | T2DM | 48% | 498 | 249 | 249 | IDeg100 | IGla100 | 62.9 (10.0) | 62.7 (9.7) | 14.5 (7.0) | 15.6 (8.3) | 7.6 (1.0) | 7.6 (1.0) | ⑤ |
| Nct, 2020 (25) |
RCT,C | Mexico | 6 days | T2DM | 67% | 12 | 6 | 6 | IDeg★ | IGla▲ | 44.1 (8.8) | 44.1 (8.8) | NR | NR | 8.2 (1.4) | 8.2 (1.4) | ③④ |
| Steven, 2017 (33) |
RCT,M,D,P | America | 2 years | T2DM | 63% | 7637 | 3818 | 3819 | IDeg★ | IGla100 | 64.9 (7.3) | 65.0 (7.5) | 16.6 (8.8) | 16.2 (8.9) | 8.4 (1.6) | 8.4 (1.7) | ② |
| Mizuho, 2019 (32) |
RCT,O,C | Japan | 8 weeks | T2DM | 50% | 24 | 12 | 12 | IDeg★ | IGla300 | 71.9 (5.2) | 69.5 (9.5) | 16.5 (9.1) | 11.6 (9.1) | 6.83 (0.34) | 6.78 (0.33) | ①②⑤⑥⑦ |
Data are shown as numbers or means (standard deviation) unless otherwise stated.
☆The article did not report sample size of each group. Because it was a crossover study, all participants completed the experiment. So the values in each group are the total sample size; ★These studies did not report the type of insulin degludec;▲These studies did not report the type of insulin glargine; NR, not report; RCT, randomized controlled trial; O, open-label; M, multicenter; C, crossover; P, parallel; D, double-blind; T1DM, type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; IDeg, insulin degludec; IGla, insulin glargine; IAsp, insulin aspart; IGla300, insulin glargine 300 U/ml; IDeg100, insulin degludec 100 U/ml; IDeg300, insulin degludec 300U/ml; IGla100, insulin glargine 100 U/ml; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; ①, SDBG (standard deviation of blood glucose ); ②, MBG (mean blood glucose); ③, MAGE (mean amplitude of glycemic excursion); ④, AUC (area under the curve of glucose); ⑤, TIR (time in range); ⑥, CV (coefficient of variation); ⑦, MODD (mean of daily difference); ⑧, M-value.