Table 4.

Sub-lethal concentrations used in laboratory pre-exposure experiments

Treatment	Active ingredient	Concentration	Dose (g/l)	95% CI (g/l)
Pyrethroid (Ninja 5EC)	Lambda-cyhalothrin	LC15	2.3 × 10−7	3.35 × 10−6−2.33 × 10−7
Organophosphate (Twigaphos)	Pirimiphos-methyl	LC15	1.0 × 10−7	9.42 × 10−13–6.36 × 10−7
Carbamate (Akheri)	Carbaryl	LC15	2.1 × 10−4	4.86 × 10−3–1.1 × 10−4

CI confidence interval