Table 1.
Basic characteristics of participants by OA among U.S. adults, NHANES 1999–2016
| Characteristics | Total (12,584) | OA (1356) | Non-OA (11,228) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| 20–59 | 8981 (79.39) | 457 (42.56) | 8524 (84.01) | |
| ≥ 60 | 3603 (20.60) | 899 (57.44) | 2704 (15.99) | |
| Sex, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Male | 6234 (48.89) | 498 (36.51) | 5736 (50.44) | |
| Female | 6350 (51.11) | 858 (63.49) | 5492 (49.56) | |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Mexican American | 2270 (8.53) | 105 (2.49) | 2165 (9.30) | |
| Other Hispanic | 1059 (5.63) | 99 (2.80) | 960 (5.98) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 5595 (68.30) | 887 (84.21) | 4708 (66.30) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 2540 (10.91) | 193 (6.10) | 2347 (11.51) | |
| Other race/multiracial | 1120 (6.63) | 72 (4.40) | 1048 (6.91) | |
| Education, n (%) | 0.857 | |||
| Under high school | 3263 (16.84) | 327 (16.71) | 2936 (16.86) | |
| High school or equivalent | 2895 (23.66) | 317 (22.95) | 2578 (23.75) | |
| Above high school | 6416 (59.50) | 711 (60.35) | 5705 (59.39) | |
| Marital status, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Married/cohabiting | 7725 (64.34) | 780 (65.16) | 6945 (64.23) | |
| Widowed/divorced/separated | 2401 (16.62) | 464 (27.88) | 1937 (15.20) | |
| Never married | 2368 (19.04) | 105 (6.96) | 2263 (20.56) | |
| Physical activity, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Moderate | 8239 (59.89) | 1076 (75.85) | 7163 (57.89) | |
| Vigorous | 4343 (40.11) | 279 (24.15) | 4064 (42.11) | |
| Drinking alcohol status, n (%) | 0.001 | |||
| Never | 8174 (76.31) | 870 (71.12) | 7304 (76.98) | |
| Ever | 3333 (23.69) | 416 (28.85) | 2917 (23.02) | |
| Family PIR | 3.01 ± 0.03 | 3.12 ± 0.07 | 3.00 ± 2.93 | 0.013 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.37 ± 0.10 | 30.66 ± 0.28 | 28.09 ± 0.10 | < 0.001 |
| Serum cotinine (ng/mL) | 57.15 ± 1.86 | 50.0 ± 4.62 | 58.06 ± 1.99 | 0.036 |
| Biological age (years) | 44.92 ± 0.31 | 60.91 ± 0.65 | 43.24 ± 0.30 | < 0.001 |
| Phenotypic age (years) | 40.17 ± 0.33 | 57.45 ± 0.67 | 38.34 ± 0.31 | < 0.001 |
| Telomere length | 1.07 ± 0.01 | 0.95 ± 0.03 | 1.09 ± 0.01 | < 0.001 |
Continuous variables were presented as mean ± SE. Categorical variables were presented as n (%). NHANES National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, OA osteoarthritis, PIR the ratio of family income to poverty, BMI body mass index, SE standard error, n numbers of subjects; %, weighted percentage