Table 3.
Within-group NPAD score comparison
| Intervention group | Control group | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Questions | Pre-intervention | Post-intervention | Pre-intervention | Post-intervention | |||||||||||
| Mean Rank | Sum of Ranks | Mean Rank | Sum of Ranks | d | P-value* | Mean Rank | Sum of Ranks | Mean Rank | Sum of Ranks | d | P-value* | ||||
| How bad is your pain today? | 6.00 | 66.00 | 0 | 0 | 1.56 | 0.003 | 7.00 | 28.00 | 6.25 | 50.00 | 0.52 | 0.380 | |||
| How bad is your pain on the average? | 6.00 | 66.00 | 0 | 0 | 1.50 | 0.003 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.000 | |||
| How bad is your pain at its worst? | 6.50 | 78.00 | 0 | 0 | 1.60 | 0.002 | 1.50 | 3.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.89 | 0.157 | |||
| Does your pain interfere with your sleep? | 5.00 | 45.00 | 0 | 0 | 1.31 | 0.007 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.26 | 0.655 | |||
| How bad is your pain with standing? | 5.00 | 45.00 | 0 | 0 | 1.31 | 0.007 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.000 | |||
| How bad is your pain with walking? | 4.42 | 26.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 0.96 | 0.034 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.000 | |||
| Does your pain interfere with driving or riding in a car? | 6.15 | 61.50 | 4.50 | 4.50 | 1.28 | 0.008 | 2.50 | 2.50 | 2.50 | 7.50 | 0.60 | 0.317 | |||
| Does your pain interfere with social activities? | 5.44 | 43.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.18 | 0.012 | 0 | 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.60 | 0.317 | |||
| Does your pain interfere with recreational activities? | 4.50 | 36.00 | 0 | 0 | 1.23 | 0.010 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.000 | |||
| Does your pain interfere with work activities? | 6.50 | 78.00 | 0 | 0 | 1.62 | 0.002 | 0 | 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.60 | 0.317 | |||
| Does your pain interfere with your personal care (eating, dressing, bathing, etc.)? | 6.05 | 60.50 | 5.50 | 5.50 | 1.16 | 0.014 | 0 | 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.60 | 0.317 | |||
| Does your pain interfere with your personal relationship (family, friends, sex, etc.)? | 5.94 | 53.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.29 | 0.008 | 0 | 0 | 1.50 | 3.00 | 0.89 | 0.157 | |||
| How does your pain change your outlook on life and future (depression, hopelessness)? | 5.50 | 55.00 | 0 | 0 | 1.40 | 0.005 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 1.50 | 3.00 | 0 | 1.000 | |||
| Does your pain affect your emotions? | 3.50 | 21.00 | 0 | 0 | 1.00 | 0.027 | 2.25 | 4.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 0.48 | 0.414 | |||
| Does your pain affect your ability to think or concentrate? | 6.50 | 78.00 | 0 | 0 | 1.60 | 0.002 | 2.50 | 2.50 | 2.50 | 7.50 | 0.60 | 0.317 | |||
| How stiff is your neck? | 6.00 | 66.00 | 0 | 0 | 1.54 | 0.003 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.60 | 0.317 | |||
| How much trouble do you have turning your neck? | 6.00 | 66.00 | 0 | 0 | 1.51 | 0.003 | 2.25 | 4.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 0.48 | 0.414 | |||
| How much trouble do you have turning your neck (look up and down)? | 6.50 | 78.00 | 0 | 0 | 1.61 | 0.002 | 1.50 | 3.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.89 | 0.157 | |||
| How much trouble do you have working overhead? | 6.00 | 60.00 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 1.14 | 0.015 | 4.50 | 18.00 | 6.86 | 48.00 | 0.83 | 0.178 | |||
| How much do pain pills help? | 6.50 | 65.00 | 6.50 | 13.00 | 0.92 | 0.040 | 3.50 | 10.50 | 3.50 | 10.50 | 0 | 1.000 | |||
| Total NPAD score, MD (95% CI) | 61.67 ± 6.56 | 25.33 ± 6.814 | -36.33 (-43.23, -29.43) | -3.34 | < 0.001 | 68.25 ± 23.36 | 67.08 ± 21.37 | 1.16 (-1.79, 4.13) | 0.047 | 0.405 | |||||
*P < 0.05, All P-values are obtained from Wilcoxon signed-rank test except for total NPAD score obtained from paired samples t-test
Significant P-values are showed in bold
MD, Mean Difference, APAD, Neck Pain and Disability, d, Effect size (Cohen’s d)