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. 2022 Jun 1;12:883437. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.883437

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Copyright © 2022 Geevimaan, Guo, Shen, Jiang, Fann, Hwang, Shui, Lin, Wang, Shih, Li, Chang, Yang and Chen

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Establishment of a biobank of CRC patient-derived organoids. (A) Bar graph summarizes the preparation of organoid lines from the non-tumorous and tumorous tissues of 148 colorectal cancer patients. (B) The viability of organoids was assessed by immunofluorescence staining using LIVE/DEAD cell staining Kit. Confocal images of the live cells stained by Calcein-AM (in green), dead cells by EtBr (in red), and nuclei by DAPI (in blue), were shown. Scale bar, 50 m. (C) Confocal microscopy of the expression of EpCAM as epithelial marker, mucin 2 for Goblet cells, cytokeratin (CK) 20 for enterocytes, and chromagrannin (CgA) for neuroendocrine cells. (D) Histopathological features of primary tumors and PDOs. Representatives of bright-field images and H&E staining of tumor-derived organoids, and H&E staining of well to moderately differentiated (T88, T87 & T38) and poorly differentiated (T113, T90 & T117) tumors were shown. (E) Overview of mutational status in the driver genes in CRC primary/metastatic tumors and corresponding PDOs. The percentage of concordance between PDOs and original tumors in each driver gene is shown at the bottom.