Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| Study cohort (No. = 90) | Study cohort | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Significant QTc prolongation | ||||
| No (No. = 48) | Yes (No.42) | |||
| Male, % | 55 (61) | 26 (60) | 27 (61) | 0.83 |
| Age, mean (SD) | 67 ± 11 | 67 ± 12 | 67 ± 11 | 0.91 |
| BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 30 ± 5 | 29 ± 4 | 30 ± 5 | 0.44 |
| Atrial flutter | 7 (8) | 5 (11) | 2 (4) | 0.25 |
| Heart rate in AF, mean (SD), bpm | 80 ± 20 | 78 ± 21 | 82 ± 20 | 0.56 |
| Ischemic heart disease, % | 19 (21) | 8 (16) | 12 (27) | 0.30 |
| CHF, % | 30 (36) | 12 (29) | 18 (43) | 0.25 |
| TEE, % | 63 (70) | 31 (63) | 32 (76) | 0.67 |
| EF, mean (SD), % | 52 ± 12 | 54 ± 12 | 49 ± 14 | 0.11 |
| LA size, mean (SD), cm | 4.5 ± 0.4 | 4.5 ± 0.5 | 4.4 ± 1 | 0.64 |
| Mitral regurgitation, % | 56 (62) | 23 (48) | 33 (79) | 0.049 |
| Mitral stenosis, % | 14 (15) | 7 (15) | 7 (17) | 0.86 |
| Aortic stenosis, % | 12 (13) | 6 (14) | 6 (15) | 0.87 |
| SPAP, mean (SD), mmHg | 34 ± 8 | 34 ± 8 | 35 ± 7 | 0.75 |
| Diabetes, % | 25 (28) | 9 (19) | 16 (36) | 0.093 |
| Hypertension, % | 60 (67) | 29 (67) | 30 (68) | 0.83 |
| Renal disease, % | 21 (23) | 10 (24) | 11 (25) | 0.85 |
| CHA2DS2VASc, mean (SD) | 3.5 ± 1.5 | 3.3 ± 1.6 | 3.7 ± 1.7 | 0.32 |
| ICD/CRTD, % | 2 (2) | None | 2 (4) | 0.49 |
| Pacemaker | 11 (12) | 5 (11) | 6 (15) | 0.74 |
| ACE Inhibitor or ARB, % | 47 (52) | 22 (46) | 25 (60) | 0.64 |
| Aldosterone, % | 10 (11) | 4 (9) | 6 (15) | 0.74 |
| Beta-blocker, % | 67 (74) | 30 (63) | 37 (88) | 0.04 |
| Calcium channel blocker, % | 25 (28) | 12 (26) | 13 (29) | 0.81 |
| Digitalis, % | 6 (7) | 2 (4) | 4 (9) | 0.67 |
| Amiodarone, % | 60 (67) | 30 (63) | 30 (69) | 0.83 |
| Flecainide, % | 20 (22) | 10 (21) | 10 (23) | 0.79 |
| Propafenone, % | 5 (6) | 4 (9) | 1 (2) | 0.36 |
| Statins, % | 39 (43) | 21 (46) | 18 (42) | 0.56 |
| NOAC, % | 66 (73) | 33 (69) | 33 (76) | 0.47 |
| Warfarin, % | 24 (27) | 14 (30) | 10 (23) | 0.41 |
| Creatinine, mean (SD), mg/dl | 1 ± 0.3 | 1 ±0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.32 |
| K, mean (SD), mg/dl | 4.3 ± 0.4 | 4.3 ± 0.4 | 4.3 ± 0.4 | 0.73 |
| Na, mean (SD), mg/dl | 140 ± 4 | 140 ± 3 | 140 ± 2 | 0.49 |
| Mg, mean (SD), mg/dl | 2 ± 0.4 | 2± 0.2 | 2 ± 0.4 | 0.94 |
AF, atrial fibrillation; ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; CHF, congestive heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRTD, cardiac resynchronization therapy with a defibrillator; ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; EF, ejection fraction; LA, left atrial dimension; NOAC, novel oral anti-coagulant; SPAP, systolic pulmonic arterial pressure; TEE, trans-esophageal echocardiography.