Table 1.
Data types for big data analytics in healthcare by data generation point.
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|---|---|---|
| DATA GENERATION POINTS | DATA TYPES | EXAMPLES ON TYPICAL DATA CONTENT |
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| Transactions/billing with different payer organizations | Administrative data | Patient demographics, plan types, type of provider, location, … |
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| Medical claims | In-/outpatient visits, diagnosis/procedure coding, referrals, … | |
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| Pharmaceutical claims | Drug codes, dosages, prescription dates, manufacturer, … | |
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| Ancillary claims | Medical equipment, physiotherapy, home health assistance, … | |
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| Clinical/diagnostic processes of different provider organizations (e.g., health, social, aged or disability care) | Institutional data | Educational background, work experience, working times, … |
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| EMR/EHR data | Vital signs, medical history, disease conditions, lab results, … | |
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| Medical imaging | X-ray, magnetic resonance, computed tomography, ultrasonography, … | |
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| Biomarker | “-omics”: genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, … | |
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| Registries | Structured collection of disease/population specific measures | |
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| Patient- or people-generated | Smart sensor/device data | Biometric data, physical activity, gait/sleep patterns, location, … |
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| Web usage data | Social media posts, internet search logs, health forum activity, … | |
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| Health-related research | Clinical trial data | Study size, clinically defined parameters and outcomes, … |
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| Drug surveillance data | Adverse drug effects, population size, regional uptake/variation, … | |
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| (Health) Survey data | Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), health literacy, … | |
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| Health-related systems | Socio-economic/community-based data | Income, deprivation, education, living situation, marital status, … |
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| Environmental/spatial data | Air/noise pollution, temperature, neighbourhood characteristics, … | |
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