Table 2.

Association between select adverse outcomes and gestational diabetes in twins, 2003–2013 (n=2,573)

Outcome	Gestational diabetes	Population at risk, n	Cases, n (%)	Unadjusted Risk Ratio (95% CI)	Adjusted Risk Ratio (95% CI)	Adjusted number of excess cases per 100 births (95% CI)
Preeclampsia
	No	2406	440 (18)	1.0 (ref)	1.0 (ref)	1.0 (ref)
	Yes	167	54 (31)	1.7 (1.3, 2.3)	1.5 (1.1, 2.1)	10 (2, 17)
SGA of either infant
	No	2406	565 (24)	1.0 (ref)	1.0 (ref)	1.0 (ref)
	Yes	167	28 (17)	0.7 (0.5, 1.0)	0.8 (0.5, 1.1)	−5.4 (−12, 1.5)
LGA of either infant
	No	2406	218 (9)	1.0 (ref)	1.0 (ref)	1.0 (ref)
	Yes	167	18 (11)	1.2 (0.7, 1.9)	1.0 (0.6, 1.7)	0.2 (−4.3, 4.9)
NICU admission of either infant
	No	2406	1105 (46)	1.0 (ref)	1.0 (ref)	1.0 (ref)
	Yes	167	85 (51)	1.1 (0.9, 1.4)	1.2 (0.9, 1.5)	8.4 (−3.7, 21)

^*Adjusted for pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal race, maternal age, parity, use of in vitro fertilization, pre-pregnancy smoking and chronic hypertension

^**When the estimate is a negative value, it is the adjusted number of prevented cases per 100 births.