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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychometrika. 2021 Aug 14;87(1):188–213. doi: 10.1007/s11336-021-09796-9

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Networks, Intervention and Variable Values for Systems 1 and 2. Networks represent dynamics operating on change (as in Figure 1). Both systems were subjected to the same series of disturbances, which was generated as white noise.