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. 2022 Apr 14;27(7):2976–2984. doi: 10.1038/s41380-022-01543-5

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — A presents the CNVs’ pooled IQ-adjusted impairing effect on functioning relative to their Z standardized Odds Ratio (OR) of risk for autism and schizophrenia. The CNVs’ impairing effects are presented along a logarithmic scale such that negative values represent smaller effects and positive values represent larger effects. Spikes are visualization aids to help identify the coordinates of the CNVs’ ORs within the 3-D space. The shaded area highlights the balance axis where the Z standardized ORs of risk for autism and schizophrenia are relatively equivalent. B is a contour plot of the regression estimating the association of the standardized CNVs’ risk ORs for autism and schizophrenia, and their interaction with the CNVs’ impairing effect on functioning, weighted by their frequency within the sample, and with their OR of risk for developmental delay, as a covariate (see Supplementary Table S7 for details). The contour lines range from low impairing (green) to high impairing (red) effects.