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. 2022 Jun 17;12:10235. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-14352-1

Table 1.

General characteristics of the participants.

Depressive symptoms Suicidal ideation
Male (n = 136,316) Female (n = 134,303) Male (n = 136,316) Female (n = 134,303)
Total Yes P-value Total Yes P-value Total Yes P-value Total Yes P-value
N N % N N % N N % N N %
Total (n = 270,619) 136,316 27,448 20.1 134,303 41,292 30.7 136,316 12,279 9.0 134,303 20,535 15.3
Weekend catch-up sleep ratioa  < 0.001  < 0.001  < 0.001  < 0.001
CUS < 1.00 19,551 4005 20.5 11,123 3740 33.6 19,551 1993 10.2 11,123 2115 19.0
1.00 ≤ CUS < 1.50 87,682 16,471 18.8 81,045 23,202 28.6 87,682 7263 8.3 81,045 11,339 14.0
CUS ≥ 1.50 29,083 6972 24.0 42,135 14,350 34.1 29,083 3023 10.4 42,135 7081 16.8
Subjective sleep quality  < 0.001  < 0.001  < 0.001  < 0.001
Poor 48,455 13,884 28.7 66,880 25,483 38.1 48,455 6576 13.6 66,880 13,114 19.6
Moderate 46,204 8487 18.4 42,536 11,093 26.1 46,204 3550 7.7 42,536 5281 12.4
Good 41,657 5077 12.2 24,887 4716 18.9 41,657 2153 5.2 24,887 2140 8.6
Sleep duration (h)b  < 0.001  < 0.001  < 0.001  < 0.001
Duration < 5 7650 2440 31.9 12,817 5474 42.7 7650 1262 16.5 12,817 2930 22.9
5 ≤ Duration < 7 54,582 12,814 23.5 63,715 20,953 32.9 54,582 5673 10.4 63,715 10,258 16.1
7 ≤ Duration < 9 61,075 10,170 16.7 49,718 12,786 25.7 61,075 4450 7.3 49,718 6319 12.7
Duration ≥ 9 11,011 1631 14.8 6738 1654 24.5 11,011 749 6.8 6738 824 12.2
School year  < 0.001  < 0.001  < 0.001  < 0.001
Mid1 (Grade 7) 21,065 3356 15.9 21,090 5398 25.6 21,065 1659 7.9 21,090 3117 14.8
Mid2 (Grade 8) 21,814 3904 17.9 21,672 6545 30.2 21,814 2018 9.3 21,672 3711 17.1
Mid3 (Grade 9) 22,950 4573 19.9 22,956 7179 31.3 22,950 2200 9.6 22,956 3861 16.8
High1 (Grade 10) 22,845 4672 20.5 22,242 6664 30.0 22,845 1941 8.5 22,242 3116 14.0
High2 (Grade 11) 23,735 5322 22.4 22,638 7527 33.2 23,735 2258 9.5 22,638 3459 15.3
High3 (Grade 12) 23,907 5621 23.5 23,705 7979 33.7 23,907 2203 9.2 23,705 3271 13.8
Economic status  < 0.001  < 0.001  < 0.001  < 0.001
Low 3757 1322 35.2 3164 1529 48.3 3757 786 20.9 3164 969 30.6
Medium–low 15,745 4071 25.9 16,797 6587 39.2 15,745 2091 13.3 16,797 3817 22.7
Medium 61,109 11,378 18.6 66,691 19,359 29.0 61,109 4862 8.0 66,691 9202 13.8
Medium–high 39,427 7495 19.0 37,207 10,840 29.1 39,427 3143 8.0 37,207 5122 13.8
High 16,278 3182 19.5 10,444 2977 28.5 16,278 1397 8.6 10,444 1425 13.6
Residence type  < 0.001  < 0.001  < 0.001  < 0.001
Live w/o family or relative 6302 1557 24.7 5503 1822 33.1 6302 676 10.7 5503 857 15.6
Live with relative 948 301 31.8 786 370 47.1 948 172 18.1 786 222 28.2
Live with family 129,066 25,590 19.8 128,014 39,100 30.5 129,066 11,431 8.9 128,014 19,456 15.2
Academic achievement  < 0.001  < 0.001  < 0.001  < 0.001
Low 14,205 3876 27.3 12,009 5121 42.6 14,205 1847 13.0 12,009 2873 23.9
Medium–low 29,622 6632 22.4 31,125 10,888 35.0 29,622 2998 10.1 31,125 5461 17.5
Medium 37,937 7168 18.9 40,336 11,847 29.4 37,937 3112 8.2 40,336 5467 13.6
Medium–high 33,967 6234 18.4 35,528 9604 27.0 33,967 2699 7.9 35,528 4719 13.3
High 20,585 3538 17.2 15,305 3832 25.0 20,585 1623 7.9 15,305 2015 13.2
Alcohol status  < 0.001  < 0.001  < 0.001  < 0.001
Ever 60,149 15,470 25.7 47,097 18,841 40.0 60,149 6906 11.5 47,097 9791 20.8
Never 76,167 11,978 15.7 87,206 22,451 25.7 76,167 5373 7.1 87,206 10,744 12.3
Smoking status  < 0.001  < 0.001  < 0.001  < 0.001
Everyday 9024 3107 34.4 2360 1342 56.9 9024 1362 15.1 2360 740 31.4
Some day 19,173 5106 26.6 7629 3709 48.6 19,173 2336 12.2 7629 2165 28.4
Never 108,119 19,235 17.8 124,314 36,241 29.2 108,119 8581 7.9 124,314 17,630 14.2
Physical activity  < 0.001  < 0.001  < 0.001  < 0.001
Low 56,134 10,764 19.2 92,236 27,728 30.1 56,134 5246 9.3 92,236 13,514 14.7
High 80,182 16,684 20.8 42,067 13,564 32.2 80,182 7033 8.8 42,067 7021 16.7
Self-reported health status  < 0.001  < 0.001  < 0.001  < 0.001
Low 6915 2622 37.9 10,402 5644 54.3 6915 1699 24.6 10,402 3659 35.2
Medium 24,503 6374 26.0 34,433 13,152 38.2 24,503 3290 13.4 34,433 6974 20.3
High 104,898 18,452 17.6 89,468 22,496 25.1 104,898 7290 6.9 89,468 9902 11.1
Perception of stress  < 0.001  < 0.001  < 0.001  < 0.001
Low 34,481 1956 5.7 18,385 1272 6.9 34,481 596 1.7 18,385 443 2.4
Medium 60,140 8961 14.9 54,611 10,555 19.3 60,140 2798 4.7 54,611 3558 6.5
High 41,695 16,531 39.6 61,307 29,465 48.1 41,695 8885 21.3 61,307 16,534 27.0

aWeekend sleep duration/weekday sleep duration.

bAverage sleep duration of weekday and weekend.