Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Jun 17;13:3494. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31090-0

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 2 — a Live imaging of nematocyst discharge. TRITC labeled nematocysts were discharged in vivo and frames were captured at 5 milliseconds intervals. a^I–a^IV Snapshots showing distinct phases corresponding to the shaft discharge and tubule elongation. Note: The shaft eversion (Phase II) was too fast to be captured in this sequence. b Longitudinal section of a capsule (C) prior to discharge showing the uneverted shaft (US) and its taper (dashed arrow) to the shaft-tubule connector (yellow, arrow), the apical flaps (V-shaped), and the uneverted tubule (magenta). c Longitudinal section of a discharged capsule during shaft eversion. The uneverted shaft filaments (US, blue), capsule-shaft connector (outside the capsule, yellow), a portion of the tubule (magenta), and shaft-tubule connector (yellow).The double-walled structure (arrow) and sparse lamellae on the connector’s exterior (dashed arrow) were shown. d Longitudinal section of an everted shaft-capsule connector (yellow, arrows) and traversing uneverted tubule (UT, magenta, dashed arrow). e Longitudinal section of a partially everted tubule. The everted shaft (ES, blue, arrow), capsule-shaft connector (yellow, dashed arrow), parts of the uneverted tubule (UT, magenta) inside the everted tubule (ET), and barbs (B) are shown. f A partially everted nematocyst thread revealed by TRITC incorporation showing the everted shaft (ES) filaments, the uneverted tubule (UT, center) and the barbs (B) decorating the everted portion of the tubule (ET). Corresponding EM cross-sections: f^I Cross-section of the tubule. Labels indicate the everted and uneverted tubule segments with barbs (B) located at the center. f^II Oblique section of the partially everted tubule showing tubule segments and barbs at the exterior (B). f^III Cross-section of the everted shaft (ES) and the traversing uneverted tubule (UT). The electron-dense and -lucent layers of the ES filaments (arrow) were shown. g A partially discharged nematocyst stained with fluorescent dye-conjugated wheat germ agglutinin (WGA, magenta) and TRITC (green). Magnified regions: g^I The shaft-tubule connector (arrow) and the everting tubule emerging with barbs (dashed arrow). g^II The shaft filaments (green, arrow) and the WGA labeled thread wall (magenta). g^III The capsule-shaft connector (arrow) showing the thread wall (WGA, magenta) and the traversing uneverted tubule (TRITC, green, dashed arrow). h Representative images of the distinct phases of thread eversion. Fluorescent staining shows the geometric transformations in each phase. Arrows indicate the apex of the thread during distinct phases.