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. 2022 Jun 17;12:10234. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-14208-8

Table 1.

Triatomine bloodmeal scores, number of samples with hosts identified, and detection of multiple bloodmeal hosts via next generation sequencing.

n  ~ 228 bp band on PCR Sanger sequencing produced appropriately sized fragment that resulted in a BLAST match Single host detected by NGS Multiple hosts detected by NGS Identifiable host results 95% confidence interval of identifiable host results
Bloodmeal status
Starved 71 27 10 7 3 14.1% 7.8–24.0%
Fed 44 29 26 24 2 59.1% 44.4–72.3%
Total 115 56 36 31 5 31.3% 23.6–40.3%
Collection status
Alive 71 35 23 20 3 32.4% 22.7–43.9%
Dead 44 21 13 11 2 29.5% 18.2–44.2%
Total 115 56 36 31 5 31.3% 23.6–40.3%

During dissection, triatomines were assigned bloodmeal scores of 1 (no blood, desiccated guts), 2 (no blood, guts visible), 3 (traces of blood in gut), 4 (blood present, but either not much or not fresh [dried]), or 5 (large amount of fresh blood); these were then classified as ‘starved’ (scores of 1–3) or fed (scores of 4 or 5). The herp1/herp1 primer set was used to amplify a 228 bp fragment of DNA (some samples also produced a second band of ~ 450 bp). Sanger sequencing and BLAST matching were used to determine bloodmeal hosts. Triatomines of ‘fed’ statuses more frequently had a bloodmeal host characterized via Sanger sequencing that triatomines of ‘starved’ statuses. In addition to Sanger sequencing, amplicons were subjected to next generation sequencing methods. Five triatomines had multiple hosts detected via next generation sequencing methods.