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. 2022 Jun 17;13:3439. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31050-8

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a A tomographic slice showing the side view of averaged CatSper complex structure in wild type mouse sperm. M, membrane. b, c 3D isosurface renderings of the averaged CatSper complex in wild type mouse sperm: (b) side view; (c) extracellular domain. d–g, i–l, n–q Tomographic slices showing the averaged CatSper complex structure of wild type (d–g) and Efcab9^−/− (/, i–l; \, n–q) mouse sperm in top view. The positions are indicated by lines in (a) showing the following structural features (roof ridge: d, i, n; canopy roof: e, j, o; tetrameric channel pore: f, k, p; intracellular domain: g, l, q). The filled pink and blue arrowheads in (e, j, o) indicate the presence of electron density between adjacent CatSper complexes, which are weakened in Efcab9^−/− as indicated by white arrowheads in (j, o). In (f, k, p) red arrowheads indicate the wing structures, and pink arrowheads highlight an inner connection close to the channel subunits. The filled cyan arrowhead in (g) indicates the position of the EFCAB9-CATSPERζ subcomplex, which is missing in Efcab9^−/− flagella (white arrowheads in l and q). h, m, r 3D isosurface renderings show bottom views of the averaged CatSper intracellular domain in wild type (h) and Efcab9^−/− (/, m; \, r) flagella. Scale bars, 10 nm.