Fig. 4. Microsaccadic and neural modulations by internally directed spatial attention co-vary in their timings after the selection cue.

a Group-level distributions of microsaccade onset latency in trials with early (top) and late (bottom) microsaccades. Early and late were defined based on a median split that was performed separately for each participant (resulting in some overlap in this group-level visualization). b Overlay and comparison of the spatial alpha modulation in toward-microsaccade trials in which the first toward microsaccade was detected relatively early or late. Black horizontal line indicates the significant temporal cluster (two-sided cluster-based permutation test). Time courses show mean values, with shading indicating 95% CI (calculated across 23 participants).