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. 2022 Jun 17;12:10275. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-14491-5

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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NIN is effective in inhibiting growth of human intestinal smooth muscle cells in vitro. Human intestinal circular smooth muscle cells were obtained from the terminal ileum and maintained to passages 9–12 for assay of growth. Each cell line originates from a different subject. (A) Nomarski microscopy image showing appearance of freshly isolated human CSMC. (B,C) Phase contrast images of low density and confluent cultures at P9, showing elongated bipolar spindle shapes. Scale bars, (A) 40 µm; (B,C) 200 µm. (D) NIN (4 µM, 48 h) suppressed proliferation of human CSMC in response to either adult human serum or PDGF-BB (n = 5 cell lines in triplicates). (E) Similar concentration–response relationships of inhibition of human serum or PDGF-BB included growth by NIN (n = 3 cell lines). Data, p < 0.05 vs stimulus alone for human serum + NIN ≥ 0.5 µM; PDGF + NIN ≥ 2 µM.