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. 2022 Feb 4;47(8):1523–1536. doi: 10.1038/s41386-022-01278-5

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© The Author(s) 2022

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Fig. 2 — The pooled SMD in healthy subjects showed that exogenous melatonin significantly decreased SOL compared to placebo. Administration of exogenous melatonin at 18:00 and 20:00 significantly decreased SOL (A). Low dosages significantly shortened SOL (B). BT bedtime, SD standard deviation.