Table 2. Associations of Statin Use With baPWV and Progression of baPWV.

Variables	Baseline baPWV (N = 2620)		Progression of baPWV (N = 820)
	Participants, No.	Difference (95% CI)a	Participants, No.	Difference (95% CI)b
All population
Statin users	1310	−33.6 (−62.1 to −5.1)	410	−23.3 (−40.6 to −6.0)
Non–statin users	1310	[Reference]	410	[Reference]
Statin discontinuationc
Continuation	1050	−38.6 (−68.8 to −8.5)	354	−24.2 (−42.2 to −6.3)
Discontinuation	260	−12.9 (−61.9 to 36.0)	56	−17.3 (−52.4 to 17.8)
Non–statin users	1310	[Reference]	410	[Reference]
Statin adherenced
High adherence	448	−84.7 (−124.3 to −45.0)	103	−39.7 (−66.9 to −12.4)
Low adherence	862	−7.7 (−39.4 to 24.0)	307	−17.9 (−36.5 to 0.7)
Non–statin users	1310	[Reference]	410	[Reference]
Statin typee
Hydrophilic statins	302	−59.1 (−105.4 to −12.8)	84	−17.7 (−46.3 to 10.8)
Lipophilic statins	1008	[Reference]	326	[Reference]

Abbreviation: baPWV, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity.

^a Adjusted for age, mean arterial pressure, and fasting blood glucose.

^b Adjusted for age, baseline baPWV, and duration of baPWV measurement.

^c Statin discontinuations were identified as the absence of statin prescriptions for 12 consecutive months within the first 2 years of outcome measurements.

^d Medication adherence in the statin group was measured by the medication possession ratio (MPR). High adherence was categorized with MPR values of at least 80%, and low adherence was categorized with MPR values less than 80%.

^e Statin type was defined as hydrophilic statins (pravastatin and rosuvastatin) and lipophilic statins (atorvastatin, simvastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, and pitavastatin); participants were coalesced into the hydrophilic group because few were hydrophilic users only (n = 59 in baseline baPWV analysis and n = 17 in progression of baPWV analysis) or mixed users of hydrophilic and lipophilic statin (n = 243 in baseline baPWV analysis and n = 67 in progression of baPWV analysis).