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. 2022 Jun 18;22:671. doi: 10.1186/s12885-022-09684-0

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Effects of emodin on cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle of HepG2 cells. A The number of EdU-positive cell rate was detected by EdU staining after 48 h of treatment. (Scale bar, 50 μm). The percentage of cells with EdU incorporation was quantified by Image J. EdU incorporation = cells stained by red/cells stained by blue × 100%. B Colony formation assay of cells treated with various concentrations of emodin for 48 h, the number of colonies was assessed after two weeks. C Flow cytometry analysis of the cell cycle following treatment with various concentrations of emodin for 48 h and the quantification of the cell cycle distribution was performed by ModFit software. D After emodin (60 μM) treatment of cells for 48 h, apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI double staining. Each experiment was repeated at least three times; representative images are shown. Data were expressed as mean ± SD. * P < 0.05. ED-L: emodin (15 μM), ED-M: emodin (30 μM), ED-H: emodin (60 μM)