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. 2022 Jun 18;14:84. doi: 10.1186/s13195-022-01022-7

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 8 — NIR light and Aβ are the metabolic regulators of microglial phenotype and function. The proposed metabolic processes are based on the research in this article and from research papers focused on microglia and referenced in the text. Arg, arginase; CCO, cytochrome C oxidase; GLUT, glucose transport; G6PD, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; I-V, complexes CI-CV of electron transport chain; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; NADPH/NADP+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; NO, nitric oxide; NOX, NADPH oxidase; OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation; PPP, pentose phosphate pathway; ROS, reactive oxygen species; Src, Src-family protein kinases; TCA, tricarboxylic acid; TLR, Toll-like receptor