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. 2022 Jun 3;15:922840. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.922840

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Synaptic proteins and signaling pathways linked to autism spectrum disorders. Synaptic proteins associated with ASD are involved in synapse formation and synaptic function. The ASD-linked proteins covered in this review article are highlighted in red. Proteins in blue indicate molecular targets that were used to ameliorate the ASD phenotype. CB1, Cannabinoid receptor type 1; OXTR, Oxytocin Receptor; MC4R, Melanocortin 4 Receptor; PLC, Phospholipase C; GABAR, GABAA receptor; AMPAR, AMPA receptor; NMDAR, NMDA receptor; mGluR, metabolic glutamate receptor; IGF-1, Insulin-like growth factor 1; IL17A, Interleukin 17A; NCAM1, Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule 1; GRIP1, Glutamate Receptor Interacting Protein 1; SHANK3, SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3; SAPAP, Synapse-Associated Protein 90/Postsynaptic Density-95-Associated Protein; GKAP, guanylate-kinase-associated-protein; PSD-95, post-synaptic scaffolding protein 95 kDa; CNTNAP2, a contactin-associated protein-like 2 gene; PI3K, phosphoinositide-3 kinase; CLK2, CDC Like Kinase 2; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homologs; TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex; mTOR, a mammalian target of rapamycin; CHD8, chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 8; MeCP2, methyl CpG binding protein 2; LSD1, lysine-specific demethylase 1; UBE3A, Ubiquitin Protein Ligase E3A.