TABLE 5.

Univariate results for significant vitality categorical moderator variables.

Effect moderator	Number of effects	Hedge’s g	95% CI	p-Value
Participant characteristics
Health status
Healthy	13	0.657	[0.245, 1.068]
Cancer	24	0.295	[0.084, 0.507]a
Heart disease	12	0.533	[0.043, 1.024]
Neurological disorder	28	0.614	[0.368, 0.860]b	0.042
Other	13	0.577	[0.213, 0.941]
Exercise characteristics
Intensity
Light	3	0.608	[0.440, 0.775]a
Moderate	62	0.503	[0.352, 0.654]b	0.009
High	6	0.803	[0.584, 1.022]c	<0.001
Modality
Aerobic	32	0.393	[0.259, 0.526]a
Resistance	19	0.522	[0.280, 0.763]
Combined	29	0.644	[0.428, 0.860]b	0.009
Yoga	8	0.562	[0.334, 0.790]
Other	2	0.849	[−3.752, 5.45]
Location
Home	12	0.569	[0.266, 0.871]
Facility	61	0.589	[0.435, 0.743]a
Both	17	0.276	[0.040, 0.511]b	0.045

^a,b,cModerator levels with a non-common superscript differ significantly. p-Value reported is based on a meta-regression analysis using the ^amoderator level as the reference point.