Table 3.

Z-average (particle diameter), PI, and zeta potential of CEO-based nanoemulsions.

HLB	Z-average (nm)	PI	Zeta potential (mV)
9	152 ± 0.6 a	0.242 ± 0.006 b	− 37.22 ± 0.33 e
10	133 ± 1.4 b	0.240 ± 0.006 b	− 23.34 ± 0.87 cd
11	126 ± 1.0 c	0.236 ± 0.007 b	− 23.16 ± 1.02 c
12	121 ± 0.8 d	0.243 ± 0.007 b	− 25.24 ± 1.29 d
13	88 ± 0.7 e	0.265 ± 0.006 a	− 16.76 ± 0.85 a
14	79 ± 0.5 g	0.276 ± 0.005 a	− 19.70 ± 1.11 b
14.9	83 ± 0.2 f.	0.277 ± 0.004 a	− 18.38 ± 1.11 ab

The optimized formulation was produced at HLB 14. Means ± standard deviations. Means with different letters within a column are significantly different (p < 0.05).