Fig. 2. Transmission electron microscopy.

Pellets of HROG05 cells were harvested after the indicated treatments and embedded for electron microscopy as described in Materials and Methods. Ultrastructural changes were examined, focusing on ER and mitochondrial morphology, signs of autophagy, and processes associated with cell death. Shown are representative images of untreated cells compared to various treated cells (scale bars: 1–2 µm). The left image panel provides an overview of the treated cells in each case (scale bar: 2 µm) with higher magnification shown in the middle panel (scale bar 1 µm), respectively. Images on the right provide additional information about treatment-specific effects, such as vacuoles, altered structure of mitochondria or abnormal ER (scale bar: 500 nm). ER endoplasmic reticulum, M mitochondria, cM circular mitochondria, MF myelin figure, LV lipid vesicle, N nucleus, P phagosome, V vacuole. Sections were examined using a Zeiss EM902 electron microscope at 80 kV. Digital images were acquired with a side-mounted 1x2k FT-CCD camera.