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. 2022 Jun 18;13:3508. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31249-9

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Fasting plasma BCAA’s were measured in patients with T2D after 2-week treatment with NaPB (gray bars, n = 16) and placebo (white bars, n = 16). a Total BCAA levels (µmol/l, p = 0.03), b valine levels (µmol/l, p = 0.009) and c leucine values (µmol/l, p = 0.03), and d isoleucine (µmol/l, p = 0.05). Data are expressed as mean ± SE. The intervention effect was analyzed using the paired student t-test. *P < 0.05. NaPB sodiumphenylbutyrate, PLC placebo, T2D type 2 diabetes. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.